NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Final Exam - Chamberlain
100% Guarantee Pass
1. The parent of a child with cerebral palsy reports that the child has peb-
ble-like stools most of the time and seems uncomfortable if several days
have passed between stools. Which medication is indicated?
Answer
Polyethylene glycol
2. An older adult patient takes an opioid analgesic after a right-hip open re-
duction internal fixation (ORIF). Which of the medication should be
prescribed to prevent constipation?
Answer
Docusate sodium
3. A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. Which
instructions should be given to guide the discontinuation of the laxative?
Answer
Jo
sh
- Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several days.
ua
,4. A patient who has been taking senna for several days reports that her
urine is yellowish-brown. What is an appropriate response?
Answer
It is an expected, harmless effect of Senna
5. Neena is planning missionary work in a region with poor drinking water.
She is given a prescription for ciprofloxacin to take with her. Which
instruc- tions are most important to discuss with Neena?
Answer
Use the drug if symptoms develop and are severe or do not improve in a few
days.
*avoiding local drinking water and carefully washing foods
6. Which anti-diarrheal medication is contradicted in children during or after
chickenpox and is associated with gray/black stools and black tongue?
Answer
Bis- muth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)
7. Why should a patient keep a diary in the aid of diagnosis and treatment
of IBS?
Answer
Patients should keep a log to identify foods and stressors that trigger symptoms
Jo
sh
ua
, 8. 1st line treatment for gastroparesis?
Answer
Metoclopramide is recommended first line for N/V due to gastroparesis
9. What labs are used to diagnose thyroid function?
Answer
1. Serum thyroid-stimulat-
ing hormone test (TSH)
Serum thyroxine test (Total or Free T4)
Serum triiodothyronine test (Total or Free T3)
10. s/s hypothyroidism
Answer
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism depend on disease severity. The face is
pale, puffy, and expressionless; skin is cold and dry; hair is brittle; hair loss
occurs;Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient may complain of
lethargy, fatigue, and intolerance to cold. Mentation may be impaired.
11.s/s hyperthyroidism
Answer
Exophthalmos; Heartbeat is rapid and strong; dysrhyth- mias and angina may
develop; nervousness; insomnia, rapid thought flow; rapid speech; Skeletal
muscles may weaken and atrophy; Metabolic rate is raised, result- ing in
increased heat production, increased body temperature, intolerance to heat, and
Jo
skin that is warm and moist. Appetite is increased, but weight loss may still occur.
sh
ua
,12. When should you re-check labs after initiating Levothyroxine?
Answer
TSH 6-8 weeks after initiation or dose changes.
13. S/S of Thyrotoxic Crisis (Thyroid Storm)
Answer
profound hyperthermia (105°F or even higher), severe tachycardia, restlessness,
agitation, and tremor. Unconscious- ness, coma, hypotension, and heart failure
may occur
*Excessive levels of thyroid hormones (occurs after surgery or intercurrent illness
(e.g. sepsis)
14. Treatment of thyroid storm
Answer
*MEDICAL EMERGENCY*
1.High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution are given to
suppress thyroid hormone release.
2.Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis. 3.A ²-blocker is
given to reduce heart rate.
Jo
Additional measures include sedation, cooling, and giving glucocorticoids and IV
sh
ua
, fluids.
7. What can result from not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy?
Answer
per- manent neuropsychological deficits in the child
8. Treatment of hyperthyroidism
Answer
1. surgical removal of thyroid tissue
2. destruction of thyroid tissue with radioactive iodine (preferred for adults)
3. antithyroid drug (methimazole or propylthiouracil). (preferred for younger patients)
²-Blockers suppress tachycardia by blocking ²-receptors on the heart.
Nonradioactive iodine inhibits synthesis and release of thyroid hormones.
9. Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Answer
Histamine 2 (H2) receptor blockers (e.g., cimetidine [Tagamet])
Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., lansoprazole [Prevacid])
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Cholestyramine (Questran)
Colestipol (Colestid)
Jo
Aluminum-containing antacids (e.g., Maalox, Mylanta)
sh
ua
Final Exam - Chamberlain
100% Guarantee Pass
1. The parent of a child with cerebral palsy reports that the child has peb-
ble-like stools most of the time and seems uncomfortable if several days
have passed between stools. Which medication is indicated?
Answer
Polyethylene glycol
2. An older adult patient takes an opioid analgesic after a right-hip open re-
duction internal fixation (ORIF). Which of the medication should be
prescribed to prevent constipation?
Answer
Docusate sodium
3. A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. Which
instructions should be given to guide the discontinuation of the laxative?
Answer
Jo
sh
- Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several days.
ua
,4. A patient who has been taking senna for several days reports that her
urine is yellowish-brown. What is an appropriate response?
Answer
It is an expected, harmless effect of Senna
5. Neena is planning missionary work in a region with poor drinking water.
She is given a prescription for ciprofloxacin to take with her. Which
instruc- tions are most important to discuss with Neena?
Answer
Use the drug if symptoms develop and are severe or do not improve in a few
days.
*avoiding local drinking water and carefully washing foods
6. Which anti-diarrheal medication is contradicted in children during or after
chickenpox and is associated with gray/black stools and black tongue?
Answer
Bis- muth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)
7. Why should a patient keep a diary in the aid of diagnosis and treatment
of IBS?
Answer
Patients should keep a log to identify foods and stressors that trigger symptoms
Jo
sh
ua
, 8. 1st line treatment for gastroparesis?
Answer
Metoclopramide is recommended first line for N/V due to gastroparesis
9. What labs are used to diagnose thyroid function?
Answer
1. Serum thyroid-stimulat-
ing hormone test (TSH)
Serum thyroxine test (Total or Free T4)
Serum triiodothyronine test (Total or Free T3)
10. s/s hypothyroidism
Answer
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism depend on disease severity. The face is
pale, puffy, and expressionless; skin is cold and dry; hair is brittle; hair loss
occurs;Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient may complain of
lethargy, fatigue, and intolerance to cold. Mentation may be impaired.
11.s/s hyperthyroidism
Answer
Exophthalmos; Heartbeat is rapid and strong; dysrhyth- mias and angina may
develop; nervousness; insomnia, rapid thought flow; rapid speech; Skeletal
muscles may weaken and atrophy; Metabolic rate is raised, result- ing in
increased heat production, increased body temperature, intolerance to heat, and
Jo
skin that is warm and moist. Appetite is increased, but weight loss may still occur.
sh
ua
,12. When should you re-check labs after initiating Levothyroxine?
Answer
TSH 6-8 weeks after initiation or dose changes.
13. S/S of Thyrotoxic Crisis (Thyroid Storm)
Answer
profound hyperthermia (105°F or even higher), severe tachycardia, restlessness,
agitation, and tremor. Unconscious- ness, coma, hypotension, and heart failure
may occur
*Excessive levels of thyroid hormones (occurs after surgery or intercurrent illness
(e.g. sepsis)
14. Treatment of thyroid storm
Answer
*MEDICAL EMERGENCY*
1.High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution are given to
suppress thyroid hormone release.
2.Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis. 3.A ²-blocker is
given to reduce heart rate.
Jo
Additional measures include sedation, cooling, and giving glucocorticoids and IV
sh
ua
, fluids.
7. What can result from not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy?
Answer
per- manent neuropsychological deficits in the child
8. Treatment of hyperthyroidism
Answer
1. surgical removal of thyroid tissue
2. destruction of thyroid tissue with radioactive iodine (preferred for adults)
3. antithyroid drug (methimazole or propylthiouracil). (preferred for younger patients)
²-Blockers suppress tachycardia by blocking ²-receptors on the heart.
Nonradioactive iodine inhibits synthesis and release of thyroid hormones.
9. Drugs that reduce absorption of levothyroxine
Answer
Histamine 2 (H2) receptor blockers (e.g., cimetidine [Tagamet])
Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., lansoprazole [Prevacid])
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Cholestyramine (Questran)
Colestipol (Colestid)
Jo
Aluminum-containing antacids (e.g., Maalox, Mylanta)
sh
ua
