BIOS 252 | BIOS252 Midterm Exam |
Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab |
Essay Questions and Answers |
Chamberlain
What is the physical interaction between neighbouring enterocytes?
- Correct Answer - Enterocytes are the absorptive cells in the villi, they
are physically tight together (Not BBB level) bc we need to be selective
at some point. Some pathogens survive acidic environment and if this
barrier isn't selective as we are absorbing then pathogens could get into
our blood.
Explain Celiac Disease
- Correct Answer - When there is a hole in the physical interaction
between neighbouring enterocytes, or they aren't tight enough.
Often called "Leaky Gut"
What is a lacteal?
Describe one feature about it
- Correct Answer - lymphatic capillary in the villi that is WIDE because it
has to be wide enough to absorb lipids since they dummy thic.
,What are crypts?
- Correct Answer - basically a pit of the villi that secrete a mix of water +
electrolyte solution that together w mucus forms an alkaline solution for
the small intestine to neutralize incoming acidity from stomach.
Explain the role of the liver in the digestive cycle
- Correct Answer - The main thing the liver does is produces bile to send
to the S.I. Bile emulsifies fatty globs to allow lipases to come in and
digest lipids. Bile is alkaline.
What is the name of a homeostatic imbalance of the liver and describe it.
- Correct Answer - Hepatitis
inflammation of the liver, leads to no bile salts produced, caused by a
virus and leads to yellow skin and death.
Describe Cirrohosis
- Correct Answer - Caused by usually alcoholism which causes
progressive chronic inflammation, leads to hepatocytes to die and be
replaced by scar tissue which don't function.
Describe the role of the pancreas and pancreatic juice in the digestive
system
- Correct Answer - the pancreas has mainly an EXOCRINE function,
secretes pancreatic juice.
, Pancreatic juice has 2 components...
Aqueous component - alkaline to neutralize acidic environment.
Enzymatic Component - contains an inactive proteolytic enzyme
(trypsinogen), as well as lipase and amalyse.
What is the functional unit of the pancreas
- Correct Answer - acinus(acini)
Why does the pancreas release inactive enzymes to the S.I.
- Correct Answer - Because if they were activated in the acini in the
pancreas where they were made they would kill the cells within, instead
they are activated by brush border enzymes in the S.I so they start
degrading proteins there.
What are the 3 things used to neutralize acidic chyme
- Correct Answer - Bile from liver
Pancreatic Juice (aqueous part) from Pancreas
Intestinal Juices (Secretine secreted from enteroendocrine cells in S.I.)
Secretin (What it do)
- Correct Answer - stimulated by acidic chyme
Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab |
Essay Questions and Answers |
Chamberlain
What is the physical interaction between neighbouring enterocytes?
- Correct Answer - Enterocytes are the absorptive cells in the villi, they
are physically tight together (Not BBB level) bc we need to be selective
at some point. Some pathogens survive acidic environment and if this
barrier isn't selective as we are absorbing then pathogens could get into
our blood.
Explain Celiac Disease
- Correct Answer - When there is a hole in the physical interaction
between neighbouring enterocytes, or they aren't tight enough.
Often called "Leaky Gut"
What is a lacteal?
Describe one feature about it
- Correct Answer - lymphatic capillary in the villi that is WIDE because it
has to be wide enough to absorb lipids since they dummy thic.
,What are crypts?
- Correct Answer - basically a pit of the villi that secrete a mix of water +
electrolyte solution that together w mucus forms an alkaline solution for
the small intestine to neutralize incoming acidity from stomach.
Explain the role of the liver in the digestive cycle
- Correct Answer - The main thing the liver does is produces bile to send
to the S.I. Bile emulsifies fatty globs to allow lipases to come in and
digest lipids. Bile is alkaline.
What is the name of a homeostatic imbalance of the liver and describe it.
- Correct Answer - Hepatitis
inflammation of the liver, leads to no bile salts produced, caused by a
virus and leads to yellow skin and death.
Describe Cirrohosis
- Correct Answer - Caused by usually alcoholism which causes
progressive chronic inflammation, leads to hepatocytes to die and be
replaced by scar tissue which don't function.
Describe the role of the pancreas and pancreatic juice in the digestive
system
- Correct Answer - the pancreas has mainly an EXOCRINE function,
secretes pancreatic juice.
, Pancreatic juice has 2 components...
Aqueous component - alkaline to neutralize acidic environment.
Enzymatic Component - contains an inactive proteolytic enzyme
(trypsinogen), as well as lipase and amalyse.
What is the functional unit of the pancreas
- Correct Answer - acinus(acini)
Why does the pancreas release inactive enzymes to the S.I.
- Correct Answer - Because if they were activated in the acini in the
pancreas where they were made they would kill the cells within, instead
they are activated by brush border enzymes in the S.I so they start
degrading proteins there.
What are the 3 things used to neutralize acidic chyme
- Correct Answer - Bile from liver
Pancreatic Juice (aqueous part) from Pancreas
Intestinal Juices (Secretine secreted from enteroendocrine cells in S.I.)
Secretin (What it do)
- Correct Answer - stimulated by acidic chyme
