Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Nicotinic N (neuronal) Location - CORRECT ANSWER - All autonomic nervous system
ganglia and the adrenal medulla
Nicotinic N (neuronal) response - CORRECT ANSWER - Stimulation of parasympathetic
and sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves and release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla
Nicotinic M (muscle) Location - CORRECT ANSWER - Neuromuscular junction
Nicotinic M (muscle) Response - CORRECT ANSWER - contraction of skeletal muscle
Muscarinic Locations - CORRECT ANSWER - Eye, Heart, Lung, Bladder, GI tract Sweat
glands, Sex organs, Blood vessels
Muscarinic Responses by location - CORRECT ANSWER - a) Eye: Contraction of ciliary
muscle focuses lens for near vision. Contraction of iris sphincter causes miosis (constriction)
b) Heart: Decreased rate
c) Lung: Constriction of bronchi
Promotions of secretions
d) Bladder: Detrusor contraction increases bladder pressure
Relaxation of trigone and sphincter allows urine to leave the bladder. Both effects causes voiding
of bladder
,e) GI tract: Salivation, Increased gastric secretion, Increased intestinal tone and motility,
Defecation
f) Sweat glands: Generalized sweating
g) Sex organs: Erection
h) Blood vessels: vasodilation
Alpha 1 Locations - CORRECT ANSWER - Eye, Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus
membranes), Veins, Sex organs, Prostatic capsule, Bladder
Alpha 1 Response by location - CORRECT ANSWER - - Eye: Mydriasis (dilation)
- Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus membranes): Constriction
- Veins: Constriction
- Sex organs, male: Ejaculation
- Prostatic capsule: Contraction
- Bladder: Contraction of trigone and sphincter
Alpha 2 Location & Response - CORRECT ANSWER - Peripheral nervous system
-Inhibition of transmitter release
Beta 1 Locations (2) & Response - CORRECT ANSWER - - Heart: Increased rate and
velocity
- Kidney: Release of renin (elevates BP)
Beta 2 Responses by location - CORRECT ANSWER - - Arterioles (heart, lung, skeletal
muscle): Dilation
- Bronchi: Dilation
,- Uterus: Relaxation
- Liver: Glycogenolysis
- Skeletal muscle: Enhanced contraction
Dopamine Response in kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER - - Kidney: Dilation of kidney
vasculature
Bethanechol Treats... - CORRECT ANSWER - Urinary Retention
Bethanechol investigational uses - CORRECT ANSWER - Gastroesophageal reflux , treat
disorders associated with GI paralysis
Bathanechol Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER - Do not use with patients with
latent or active asthma and urinary tract obstruction or bladder weakness
special instructions for taking or administering Bethanechol - CORRECT ANSWER -
Administer 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Can cause nausea and vomiting if taken with food
Pilocarpine treats... - CORRECT ANSWER - •lowers intraocular pressure in the eyes used
to treat glaucoma
•Taken orally to treat dry mouth from Sjorgens syndrome
•Can treat salivary gland damage associated with head and neck cancer
Cholinergic Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER - Cholinesterase inhibitor Poisoning. Leads to
SLUDGE & killer B's. Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diaphoresis, Diarrhea, GI cramping,
Emesis.
Killer B's: Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea
Bronchospasm - CORRECT ANSWER - spasm of bronchial smooth muscle producing
narrowing of the bronchi
, Bronchorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER - the production of more than 100 mL per day of
watery sputum
How to treat Cholinergic Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER - manage with mechanical
ventilation & atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist), suctioning may be needed
prior to administering anything orally to a patient with Myasthenia Gravis... - CORRECT
ANSWER - Assess the patients ability to swallow. If patient unable to swallow, parenteral
medication must be substituted for oral medication.
therapeutic uses for neuromuscular blockers - CORRECT ANSWER - used to provide
muscle relaxation during surgery, mechanical ventilation endotracheal intubation, and
electroconvulsive or electroshock therapy. Aggravates Myasthenia gravis.
Competitive neuromuscular blockers and electrolyte imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER -
assess the electrolyte levels in early morning labs and report any abnormalities to the surgeon.
Hypokalemia would cause concern. Low potassium can enhance paralysis. potassium imbalances
lead to cardiac arrhythmias.
Myasthenia Gravis - CORRECT ANSWER - Weakness, rapid fatigue
- Treated with Neostigmine (parasympathomimetic)
Dopamine: Nursing assessment post administration for shock would include monitoring what? -
CORRECT ANSWER - the patient's urine output. Dopamine will dilate renal blood
vessels, improve renal perfusion, and increase urine output.
patient's IV when administering dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER - Necrosis - if the IV
line is extravasated, necrosis may result. Infiltrate region with phentolamine
Adverse effects of Dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER - - Tachycardia
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Nicotinic N (neuronal) Location - CORRECT ANSWER - All autonomic nervous system
ganglia and the adrenal medulla
Nicotinic N (neuronal) response - CORRECT ANSWER - Stimulation of parasympathetic
and sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves and release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla
Nicotinic M (muscle) Location - CORRECT ANSWER - Neuromuscular junction
Nicotinic M (muscle) Response - CORRECT ANSWER - contraction of skeletal muscle
Muscarinic Locations - CORRECT ANSWER - Eye, Heart, Lung, Bladder, GI tract Sweat
glands, Sex organs, Blood vessels
Muscarinic Responses by location - CORRECT ANSWER - a) Eye: Contraction of ciliary
muscle focuses lens for near vision. Contraction of iris sphincter causes miosis (constriction)
b) Heart: Decreased rate
c) Lung: Constriction of bronchi
Promotions of secretions
d) Bladder: Detrusor contraction increases bladder pressure
Relaxation of trigone and sphincter allows urine to leave the bladder. Both effects causes voiding
of bladder
,e) GI tract: Salivation, Increased gastric secretion, Increased intestinal tone and motility,
Defecation
f) Sweat glands: Generalized sweating
g) Sex organs: Erection
h) Blood vessels: vasodilation
Alpha 1 Locations - CORRECT ANSWER - Eye, Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus
membranes), Veins, Sex organs, Prostatic capsule, Bladder
Alpha 1 Response by location - CORRECT ANSWER - - Eye: Mydriasis (dilation)
- Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus membranes): Constriction
- Veins: Constriction
- Sex organs, male: Ejaculation
- Prostatic capsule: Contraction
- Bladder: Contraction of trigone and sphincter
Alpha 2 Location & Response - CORRECT ANSWER - Peripheral nervous system
-Inhibition of transmitter release
Beta 1 Locations (2) & Response - CORRECT ANSWER - - Heart: Increased rate and
velocity
- Kidney: Release of renin (elevates BP)
Beta 2 Responses by location - CORRECT ANSWER - - Arterioles (heart, lung, skeletal
muscle): Dilation
- Bronchi: Dilation
,- Uterus: Relaxation
- Liver: Glycogenolysis
- Skeletal muscle: Enhanced contraction
Dopamine Response in kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER - - Kidney: Dilation of kidney
vasculature
Bethanechol Treats... - CORRECT ANSWER - Urinary Retention
Bethanechol investigational uses - CORRECT ANSWER - Gastroesophageal reflux , treat
disorders associated with GI paralysis
Bathanechol Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER - Do not use with patients with
latent or active asthma and urinary tract obstruction or bladder weakness
special instructions for taking or administering Bethanechol - CORRECT ANSWER -
Administer 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Can cause nausea and vomiting if taken with food
Pilocarpine treats... - CORRECT ANSWER - •lowers intraocular pressure in the eyes used
to treat glaucoma
•Taken orally to treat dry mouth from Sjorgens syndrome
•Can treat salivary gland damage associated with head and neck cancer
Cholinergic Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER - Cholinesterase inhibitor Poisoning. Leads to
SLUDGE & killer B's. Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diaphoresis, Diarrhea, GI cramping,
Emesis.
Killer B's: Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea
Bronchospasm - CORRECT ANSWER - spasm of bronchial smooth muscle producing
narrowing of the bronchi
, Bronchorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER - the production of more than 100 mL per day of
watery sputum
How to treat Cholinergic Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER - manage with mechanical
ventilation & atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist), suctioning may be needed
prior to administering anything orally to a patient with Myasthenia Gravis... - CORRECT
ANSWER - Assess the patients ability to swallow. If patient unable to swallow, parenteral
medication must be substituted for oral medication.
therapeutic uses for neuromuscular blockers - CORRECT ANSWER - used to provide
muscle relaxation during surgery, mechanical ventilation endotracheal intubation, and
electroconvulsive or electroshock therapy. Aggravates Myasthenia gravis.
Competitive neuromuscular blockers and electrolyte imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER -
assess the electrolyte levels in early morning labs and report any abnormalities to the surgeon.
Hypokalemia would cause concern. Low potassium can enhance paralysis. potassium imbalances
lead to cardiac arrhythmias.
Myasthenia Gravis - CORRECT ANSWER - Weakness, rapid fatigue
- Treated with Neostigmine (parasympathomimetic)
Dopamine: Nursing assessment post administration for shock would include monitoring what? -
CORRECT ANSWER - the patient's urine output. Dopamine will dilate renal blood
vessels, improve renal perfusion, and increase urine output.
patient's IV when administering dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER - Necrosis - if the IV
line is extravasated, necrosis may result. Infiltrate region with phentolamine
Adverse effects of Dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER - - Tachycardia
