Test Bank Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 5thEd by Ellen Hillegass. All Chapters Covered| 100% Verified Answers| Complete Guide

TEST BANK




Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 5thEd
by Ellen Hillegass


All Chapters Covered| 100% Verified Answers| Complete Guide




TEST BANK




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Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE


1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal
cartilage anteriorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posteriorly?
A. Sternal angle
B. Jugular notch
C. Xiphoid process
D. Third costal cartilage
ANSWER: A
The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage anteriorly and




C
thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posteriorly.


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2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma
B. Caved-in appearance of the chest
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C. Diminished rib angle anteriorly
D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage
ANSWER: B
Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which
several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of
the chest.


PTS: 1


3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
A. Vertebrochondral ribs
B. Vertebrosternal ribs


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C. Ribs 11 and 12
D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10


ANSWER: B
The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
(also known as the vertebrosternal ribs).
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4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib
fractures?
A. Short, shallow breaths




C
B. Pursed lip breathing
C. Deep breaths with splinting LE
D. Breathing with arms raised
ANSWER: C
ST
It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e., pillow),
and coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
BE


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5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at
rest?
A. Supine position
B. Sidelying position
C. Standing position
D. Sitting position
ANSWER: A
In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
cavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.




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6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles
D. Trapezius


ANSWER: B
The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration. The




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sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
inspiration.
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7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the
first and second ribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
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B. Serratus anterior
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Scalene muscle
ANSWER: D


The scalene muscles lie deep to the sternocleidomastoid, but may be palpated in the posterior
triangle of the neck. These muscles function as a unit to elevate and fix the first and second ribs.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle elevates the sternum.


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