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PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: A COMPETENCY-BASED
ASSESSMENT MODELING INCLUDING THE DSM-
5 & JOHN BOWLBY'S INTERNAL WORKING
MODEL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS 2025-2026 (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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What is the DSM-5 definition of mental illness? ANS: -A mental disorder is a
syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition,
emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or
developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
-Mental disorders are usually associated w/ significant distress or disability in social,
occupational, or other important activities.
-An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss is not a
mental disorder.
-Socially deviant behavior and conflicts that are primarily between the individual & society
are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the
individual, as described above.
Psychopathology ANS: -Is the field that studies the nature, development and treatment
of mental disorders
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Psychosis ANS: -The generic term for a mental state involving the loss of contact w/
reality
-It is not a clinical diagnosis in itself by a symptom common to several other mental illness
categories.
-Psychotic episodes may involve hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and or disordered
thinking.
What are the 3 primary causes of psychosis? ANS: 1. Functional: mental illnesses such
as schizophrenia & bipolar
2. Organic: Stemming from medical, non-psychological conditions, such as brain tumors or
sleep deprivation
3. Psychoactive Drugs: e.g., barbiturates, amphetamine, and hallucinogens.
Insanity ANS: -Used primarily in legal settings to denote that a person cannot be held
responsible for his or her actions in a court of law d/t psychological stress
-A criminal defendant who is found to have been legally insane when he or she committed a
crime may be found not guilty by reason of insanity.
-In states that allow the insanity defense, defendants must prove to the court that they did
not understand what they were doing; failed to know right from wrong; acted on an
uncontrollable impulse or some variety of these factors.
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