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MCB5205 Exam 2 Questions And Answers.
Principles of human volunteer research - Answers✔1. Informed Consent
2. Beneficence (max benefit/low risk)
3. Justice
Belmont Report (1979) - Answers✔ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human
subjects of research
Animal model - Answers✔-Disease symptoms and distribution mimics humans
- Same disease route as humans
ethics of animal models - Answers✔- rationale
- bacterial genetics & physiology
- hypothesis driven research
- experimental design
- care of animals
- anesthesia
- euthanasia
Caenorhabditis elegans - cons - Answers✔- NO adaptive immune system
- cannot grow at 37C
Caenorhabditis elegans - pros - Answers✔- fully sequenced genome
- permissive
- propagation 3 days
Galleria mellonella - cons - Answers✔- not able to generate mutants
-melanization
Galleria mellonella - pros - Answers✔- Able to survive at 37c
- can use purified bacterial toxins
1
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Drosophila melanogaster - pros - Answers✔- most versatile infection model
- small size
- short generation time
-fully sequenced genome
- innate immune similar to mammals
Drosophila melanogaster - cons - Answers✔high inoculums of bacteria needed
biophotonic imaging - Answers✔Bacterial strains to be studied are engineered to express
luciferase (lux operon from Vibrio sp.)
input ratio - Answers✔CFU mutant/ CFU wild type
Calculate Dilution Factor - Answers✔(CFU) (dilution factor)/(vol(ml))
Tissue culture models - Answers✔- less complex
- less $
- NO IRB or IUCAC
artificial ecm - Answers✔
Gentamicin Protection Assay - Answers✔used to calculate adhesion and invasion frequencies
plaque assay - Answers✔measures cell-cell spread of intracellular bacteria or viruses
operon - Answers✔group of genes operating together
Regulon - Answers✔genes or operons controlled by a common regulatory protein
Complementation - Answers✔restoration of a mutant back to the wildtype either through a
second mutation or the addition of a functional gene
RNAi - Answers✔RNA interference; injecting double stranded RNA into a cell turns off
expression of a gene with the same sequence as the RNA
Dicer - Answers✔enzyme that cleaves and processes double stranded RNA to produce siRNAs
or miRNAs that are 21-25 nucleotids in length
RNase III - Answers✔cuts out 16S and 23S
Neutropenia - Answers✔deficiency of neutrophils
nude mice - Answers✔lack of thymus
lacZ - Answers✔encodes B-galactosidase
2
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- blue
phoA - Answers✔Reporter gene, used for removing phosphate groups from substrate, often used
in Gram negative
- Chromogenic
luxCDABE - Answers✔Makes luciferase (lux); used for biophotonic imaging; generate light, no
need to add substrate
bla - Answers✔beta-lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down ampicillin and makes plasmid-
bearing cells antibiotic resistant
sIgA protease - Answers✔Prevents trapping of bacteria in mucus bathing mucosal surfaces
staphlokinase - Answers✔digests blood clots
Elementary body - Answers✔the infectious form of chlamydiae, they are dense, dark, and
relatively small
superoxide dismutase - Answers✔converts free radicals to less damaging substances, such as
hydrogen peroxide
Defensins - Answers✔antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
Invasins - Answers✔Surface proteins produced by bacteria that rearrange actin filaments of the
cytoskeleton
reticulate body - Answers✔The form of chlamydiae that replicates and produces elementary
bodies within the mucosal cell
Iron chelators - Answers✔- Deferasirox (PO; causes fecal excretion of iron; SE: headache, renal
toxicity)
- Deferoxamine (parenteral; causes fecal and urinary excretion; SE: ototoxicity, ocular toxicity)
Endotoxins - Answers✔LTA, LPS, PG
Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S - Answers✔Strep pyogenes
Perfringolysin O - Answers✔pore forming toxin that binds to cholesterol and causes gas
gangrene
Listeriolysin O (LLO) - Answers✔L. monocytogenes
a pore-forming cytolysin aids in the escape from the vacuole
Pore-forming toxins - Answers✔Alpha toxin of Staphylococcus aureus
3
MCB5205 Exam 2 Questions And Answers.
Principles of human volunteer research - Answers✔1. Informed Consent
2. Beneficence (max benefit/low risk)
3. Justice
Belmont Report (1979) - Answers✔ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human
subjects of research
Animal model - Answers✔-Disease symptoms and distribution mimics humans
- Same disease route as humans
ethics of animal models - Answers✔- rationale
- bacterial genetics & physiology
- hypothesis driven research
- experimental design
- care of animals
- anesthesia
- euthanasia
Caenorhabditis elegans - cons - Answers✔- NO adaptive immune system
- cannot grow at 37C
Caenorhabditis elegans - pros - Answers✔- fully sequenced genome
- permissive
- propagation 3 days
Galleria mellonella - cons - Answers✔- not able to generate mutants
-melanization
Galleria mellonella - pros - Answers✔- Able to survive at 37c
- can use purified bacterial toxins
1
, ©FYNDLAY
Drosophila melanogaster - pros - Answers✔- most versatile infection model
- small size
- short generation time
-fully sequenced genome
- innate immune similar to mammals
Drosophila melanogaster - cons - Answers✔high inoculums of bacteria needed
biophotonic imaging - Answers✔Bacterial strains to be studied are engineered to express
luciferase (lux operon from Vibrio sp.)
input ratio - Answers✔CFU mutant/ CFU wild type
Calculate Dilution Factor - Answers✔(CFU) (dilution factor)/(vol(ml))
Tissue culture models - Answers✔- less complex
- less $
- NO IRB or IUCAC
artificial ecm - Answers✔
Gentamicin Protection Assay - Answers✔used to calculate adhesion and invasion frequencies
plaque assay - Answers✔measures cell-cell spread of intracellular bacteria or viruses
operon - Answers✔group of genes operating together
Regulon - Answers✔genes or operons controlled by a common regulatory protein
Complementation - Answers✔restoration of a mutant back to the wildtype either through a
second mutation or the addition of a functional gene
RNAi - Answers✔RNA interference; injecting double stranded RNA into a cell turns off
expression of a gene with the same sequence as the RNA
Dicer - Answers✔enzyme that cleaves and processes double stranded RNA to produce siRNAs
or miRNAs that are 21-25 nucleotids in length
RNase III - Answers✔cuts out 16S and 23S
Neutropenia - Answers✔deficiency of neutrophils
nude mice - Answers✔lack of thymus
lacZ - Answers✔encodes B-galactosidase
2
, ©FYNDLAY
- blue
phoA - Answers✔Reporter gene, used for removing phosphate groups from substrate, often used
in Gram negative
- Chromogenic
luxCDABE - Answers✔Makes luciferase (lux); used for biophotonic imaging; generate light, no
need to add substrate
bla - Answers✔beta-lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down ampicillin and makes plasmid-
bearing cells antibiotic resistant
sIgA protease - Answers✔Prevents trapping of bacteria in mucus bathing mucosal surfaces
staphlokinase - Answers✔digests blood clots
Elementary body - Answers✔the infectious form of chlamydiae, they are dense, dark, and
relatively small
superoxide dismutase - Answers✔converts free radicals to less damaging substances, such as
hydrogen peroxide
Defensins - Answers✔antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
Invasins - Answers✔Surface proteins produced by bacteria that rearrange actin filaments of the
cytoskeleton
reticulate body - Answers✔The form of chlamydiae that replicates and produces elementary
bodies within the mucosal cell
Iron chelators - Answers✔- Deferasirox (PO; causes fecal excretion of iron; SE: headache, renal
toxicity)
- Deferoxamine (parenteral; causes fecal and urinary excretion; SE: ototoxicity, ocular toxicity)
Endotoxins - Answers✔LTA, LPS, PG
Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S - Answers✔Strep pyogenes
Perfringolysin O - Answers✔pore forming toxin that binds to cholesterol and causes gas
gangrene
Listeriolysin O (LLO) - Answers✔L. monocytogenes
a pore-forming cytolysin aids in the escape from the vacuole
Pore-forming toxins - Answers✔Alpha toxin of Staphylococcus aureus
3
