2024 Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE Astronomy 1AS0/01 PAPER 1: Naked-eye Astronomy. Question Paper & Marking Scheme Merged Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1) Wednesday 12 June 2024 Morning (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper reference 1A

2024 Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE Astronomy 1AS0/01 PAPER 1: Naked-eye Astronomy. Question Paper & Marking Scheme Merged Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1) Wednesday 12 June 2024 Morning (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper reference 1AS0/01 Astronomy PAPER 1: Naked-eye Astronomy You must have: ■ ■ Total Marks Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed) Calculator, ruler Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen. centre number and candidate number. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, • • Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. • Calculators may be used. • Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated. • You must show all your working out with your answer clearly identified at the end of your solution. Information • The marks for each question are shown in brackets • The total mark for this paper is 100. – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Advice • Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. • Try to answer every question. • Check your answers if you have time at the end. P75500A ©2024 Pearson Education Ltd. F:1/1/1/1/1 Turn over Formulae and Data Sheet Formulae Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST) Kepler’s 3rd law: T 2 = r3 a constant Magnification of telescope: magnification = fo fe Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 − 5log d Redshift formula:  − 0 = v 0 c Hubble’s law: v = H0d Data Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y. Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s 2 ■■■■ DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA Name Type of body Mean distance from Sun/AU Sidereal period/Earth year Mean temperature /°C Diameter /1000 km Mass/ Earth mass Ring systems Moons Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon Mars planet 1.5 1.9 −50 6.9 0.11 no 2 small moons: Deimos and Phobos Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 −105 0.95 1.5 × 10−4 no none Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 − yes 4 major moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa, Io >60 others Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 − yes 5 major moons: including Titan, Iapetus >55 others Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 −210 51 15 yes 5 major moons: including Titania, Oberon >20 others Neptune planet 30.0 165 −220 50 17 yes 1 major moon: Triton >12 others Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 −230 2.4 2.2 × 10−3 no 1 major moon: Charon >4 other moons Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 −241 1.4 6.7 × 10−4 no 2 Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 −230 2.3 2.8 × 10−3 no at least 1 3 Turn over ■■■ ■ Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . 1 (a) Figure 1 shows an image of the full Moon. Three features have been labelled X, Y and Z. X Z Y (i) Feature X is a: A crater B mare C terra D volcano (ii) Feature Y is a: A crater B mare C terra D volcano 4 Figure 1 (1) (1) ■■■■ DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (iii) Feature Z is a: A crater B mare C terra D volcano (b) A student writes a description of how some astronomical objects appear when viewed with the naked eye. Identify each object from its description. (i) A moving, green curtain of light. A aurora B galaxy C meteor D supernova (ii) A bright star that suddenly appeared in the night sky and then faded after several weeks. A aurora B galaxy C meteor D supernova (iii) A bright streak of light moving across the sky in one second. A aurora B galaxy C meteor D supernova (1) (1) (1) (1) (Total for Question 1 = 6 marks) ■■■■ 5 Turn over DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 2 (a) Which term is used to describe: (i) the Moon passing in front of Venus and blocking its light? A apogee B elongation C occultation D transit (ii) Venus passing in front of the Sun’s disc? A apogee B elongation C occultation D transit (iii) the angle between Venus and the Sun, measured from the Earth? A apogee B elongation C occultation D transit 6 (1) (1) (1) ■■■■ DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (b) Different naked-eye techniques can be used to help observe a faint star. (i) In which naked-eye technique does the observer look at the faint star with their peripheral vision? A averted vision B dark adaptation C indirect sight D night vision (ii) In which naked-eye technique does the observer wait 20 minutes in dark conditions and avoid looking at any bright light? A averted vision B dark adaptation C indirect sight D night vision (iii) State one reason why a pinhole camera would not be suitable for observing a faint star. (1) (1) (1) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (Total for Question 2 = 6 marks) ■■■■ 7 Turn over DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 3 (a) The Moon is an oblate spheroid and has a mean diameter of 3 475 km. What is the Moon’s polar diameter? A 3 475 km B 6 950 km C greater than 3 475 km D less than 3 475 km