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Phonological Awareness - ANSWER✅✅The ability of the reader to recognize the
sound of spoken language
Phonemic awareness - ANSWER✅✅The idea that words are composed of sounds
Alphabetic principle - ANSWER✅✅Also called graphophonemic awareness; it
describes the understanding that written words are composed of patterns of letters
that represent the sounds of spoken words
,Morphology - ANSWER✅✅The study of word structure
Syntax - ANSWER✅✅Refers to the rules or patterned relationships that correctly
create phrases and sentences from words
Semantics - ANSWER✅✅Refers to the meaning expressed when words are
arranged in a specific way
Pragmatics - ANSWER✅✅The difference between the writer's meaning and the
literal meaning of the sentence based on social context
Decode - ANSWER✅✅to change communication signals into messages
Encode - ANSWER✅✅to change a message into symbols
Reading comprehension - ANSWER✅✅requires that the reader learn the code in
which a message is written and be able to decode it to get the message
Fluency in reading - ANSWER✅✅depends on automatic word identification
Prosody - ANSWER✅✅versification of text and involves such matters as which
syllable of a word is accented
Plot - ANSWER✅✅the series of events in a story
Setting - ANSWER✅✅the place, or location, where a story occurs
Theme - ANSWER✅✅the underlying message that a writer wants to convey
Mood - ANSWER✅✅the atmosphere or attitude the writer conveys through
descriptive language
Topic - ANSWER✅✅what a paragraph or story is about
Main idea - ANSWER✅✅the important idea(s) that the author wants the reader to
know about a topic
Topic sentence - ANSWER✅✅indicates what a passage is about
Paragraph - ANSWER✅✅a group of sentences about one main idea
Restatement of the main idea - ANSWER✅✅usually summarizes the concept in a
concise manner, and it often presents the same idea from a different perspective
Supporting details - ANSWER✅✅sentences that provide more information about
the topic and the main idea
, Author's tone - ANSWER✅✅attitude reflected in the statement or passage
Analysis - ANSWER✅✅the systematic exploration of a concept, event, term, piece
of writing, element of media, or any other complex item
Synthesis - ANSWER✅✅examining different concepts and drawing a global
conclusion
Evaluation - ANSWER✅✅drawing conclusions based on judgments
Text structure - ANSWER✅✅the patterns of textual organization in a piece of
writing
Emergent literacy - ANSWER✅✅a child's speech and language development
Structure of the English language - ANSWER✅✅consists of rules of grammar,
capitalization, and punctuation
Allegory - ANSWER✅✅A story in verse or prose with characters representing
virtues and vices. There are two meanings, symbolic and literal. Ex: John Bunyan's
The Pilgrim's Progress
Ballad - ANSWER✅✅An in medias res story, told or sung, usually in verse and
accompanied by music. Include the refrain, and incremental repetition, or anaphora,
for effect. Ex: anonymous folk ballads, Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
Drama - ANSWER✅✅Plays-comedy, modern, or tragedy-typically in 5 acts. Literary
devices include asides, soliloquies, and the chorus representing public opinion. Ex:
Shakespeare
Epic - ANSWER✅✅Long poem usually of book length reflecting values inherent in
the generative society. Devices include an invocation to a Muse for inspiration,
purpose of writing, universal setting, protagonist and antagonist who possess
supernatural strength and acumen, and interventions of a god or gods. Ex: Homer's
Odyssey and Iliad, Virgil's Aeneid
Epistle - ANSWER✅✅A letter that is not always originally intended for public
distribution, but due to the fame of the sender and/or recipient, becomes public. Ex:
Paul wrote epistles that were later placed in the Bible
Essay - ANSWER✅✅Typically a limited length prose work focusing on a topic and
propounding a definite point of view and authoritative tone. Ex: Carlyle, Lamb,
Dequincy, Emerson, etc.
Fable - ANSWER✅✅Terse tale offering up a moral or exemplum. Ex: Chaucer's "The
Nun's Priest's Tale"