Test Bank For Krause and Mahan’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 16th Edition by Janice L Raymond Chapter 1-45

Chapter 01: Intake: Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion of NutrientsR
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aymond: Krause and Mahan’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 16th Edition
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MULTIPLEfCHOICE

1. Pepsinogenfisfconvertedftofpepsinfwhenfitfcomesfinfcontactfwith
a. enterokinase.
b. trypsinogen.
c. hydrochloricfacid.
d. peptidases.
ANS:f C
Pepsinogenfisfsecretedfinfthefstomachfandfconvertedftofitsfactivefformfbyfthefacidfenvironmentfoff
thefstomach.fEnterokinasefisfsecretedfbyfthefbrushfborderfoffthefsmallfintestinefinfresponseftofthef
presencefoffchyme.fTrypsinogenfisfsecretedfbyfthefpancreasfandfactivatedfbyfenterokinase.fVario
usfpeptidasesfarefsecretedfbyfthefeitherfbrushfborderforfthefpancreas.

2. Whichfofftheffollowingfisfformedfbyfbacterialfsynthesisfinfthefcolon?
a. VitaminfK
b. VitaminfD
c. VitaminfB6
d. Niacin
ANS:f A
ColonicfbacteriafproducefvitaminfK,fvitaminfB12,fthiamin,fandfriboflavin.fVitaminfDfmayfbefmeta
bolizedfbyfexposurefoffprecursorfvitaminfDfinfthefskinftofultravioletflight.fThefhumanfbodyfcanfsy
nthesizefniacinffromfthefaminofacidftryptophan.fVitaminfB6fmustfbefobtainedffromfdietaryfsource
sfsuchfasfmeats,fwholefgrains,fvegetables,fandfnuts.

3. Afterfsurgicalfremovalfoffaflargefportionfoffthefsmallfintestine,fwhatffunctionalfcomplicationfisf
mostflikelyftofdevelop?
a. Changesfinfdietaryfhabits
b. Impairedfdigestion
c. Lossfoffabsorptiveftissue
d. Eliminationfoffdietaryfresidue
ANS:f C
Thefsmallfintestinefisfthefprimaryfsitefoffnutrientfabsorptionfbecausefoffitsflargefabsorptionfsurfa
cefarea.fSecretionsffromfthefliver,fgallbladder,fandfpancreasfcanfstillfcontributeftofdigestionfoffin
testinalfcontents.fHowever,fdecreasedfabsorptionfoffnutrientsfandffoodfcomponentsfmayfresultfi
nfmorefintestinalfremainsfandfresidue.fAfpatientfmayfchangefdietaryfhabitsfasfafresultfoffgastroint
estinalfdiscomfortfexperiencedfafterfintestinalfresection,fbutfthisfisfnotfaffunctionalfcomplication
.

4. Thefsightforfsmellfofffoodfproducesfvagalfstimulationfoffthefparietalfcellsfoffthefgastricfmuc
osa,fresultingfinfthefincreasedfproductionfoffwhat?
a. Motilin
b. Gastrin
c. Cholecystokinin

, d. Secretin
ANS:f B
Parasympatheticfinnervationfthatfcausesfsecretionfoffgastrinfandfreleasefoffhydrochloricfacidfhel
psfpreparefthefstomachfforfthefpotentialfoffreceivingffood.fAfterffoodfchymefisfpassedfintofthefsma
llfintestineffromfthefstomach,fsecretinfandfcholecystokininfarefsecretedftofstimulatefpancreaticfse
cretionfoffwaterfandfbicarbonate.fTheyfalsofsignalfgallbladderfcontractionsfandfcolonicfmotility,f
allfresultingfinfreductionsfinfstomachfemptyingfandfduodenalfmotility.
Motilinfisfsecretedffromfthefduodenalfmucosafduringffastingftofstimulatefgastricfemptyingfandfintest
inalfmotility.

5. Iffafpatientfexperiencesfmalabsorptionfofffatfresultingffromfanfimpairedfabilityftofproducefade
quatefbilefsaltsfforfmicellefformation,fhowfmayffatfabsorptionfbefimproved?
a. Byfincreasingfshort-chainffattyfacidsfinfthefdiet
b. Byfincreasingfmedium-chainffattyfacidsfinfthefdiet
c. Byfincreasingflong-chainffattyfacidsfinfthefdiet
d. Byfrestrictingfdietaryfintakefoffcholesterol
ANS:f B
Medium-
chainffattyfacidsfoff8ftof12fcarbonsfcanfbefabsorbedfdirectlyfbyfmucosalfcellsfwithoutfthefpresenc
efoffbile.fTheflong-chainffattyfacidsfrequirefmicellefformationfforfabsorption.fShort-
chainffattyfacidsfresultffromfbacterialffermentationfoffmalabsorbedfcarbohydratesfandffibers.fA
sfbilefisfproducedffromfcholesterol,fdietaryfrestrictionfoffcholesterolfisfnegligiblefinfregardftofim
provementsfinffatfabsorption.

6. Whatfisftheffunctionfoffsecretin?
a. Stimulationfoffgastricfsecretionsfandfincreasedfmotility
b. Stimulationfoffgallbladderfcontractionfandfthefreleasefoffbile
c. Stimulationfoffthefpancreasftofsecretefwaterfandfbicarbonate
d. Stimulationfoffthefparietalfcellsftofsecretefgastrin
ANS:f C
Secretinfisfthefhormonefthatfworksfinfoppositionftofgastrin.fWhereasfgastrinfstimulatesfstomachfd
igestionfactivities,fsecretinfdecreasesfgastricfoutputfandfpromotesfpancreaticfsecretionsftofneutral
izefthefacidityfoffchyme.fCholecystokininfisfalsofsecretedf whenfchymefentersfthefduodenum,fandfi
tfisfresponsiblefforfstimulatingfthefgallbladder.

7. Whichfofftheffollowingfisfaflistfoffenzymesfreleasedffromfthefpancreas?
a. Insulin,ftrypsin,fandfsecretin
b. Lactase,fisomaltase,fandfdextrinase
c. Protease,fpepsin,fandfgastrin
d. Trypsin,fchymotrypsin,fandfcarboxypeptidase
ANS:f D
Trypsin,fchymotrypsin,fandfcarboxypeptidasefarefthreefproteinfdigestivefenzymesfsecretedfbyfthe
fpancreas. fInsulinfisfanfendogenousfhormonefsecretedfbyfthefpancreas. fSecretinfisfafhormonefsecr

etedfbyfthefsmallfintestine.fLactasefandfisomaltasef(alsofknownfasfdextrinase)farefbrush-
borderfenzymes.fPepsin,fwhichfisfafprotease,fandfgastrinfarefhormonesfsecretedfbyfthefstomach.

8. Infwhatfformfisfdietaryffatfabsorbedf fromftheflumenfoffthefintestine?

, a. Chylomicron
b. Micelle
c. Triglyceride
d. Lipoprotein
ANS:f B
Fatsfmustfbefemulsifiedfintofmicellesfsofthatftheyfmayfcrossfthefunstirredfwaterflayerfthatfbordersf
thefbrush-
borderfmembranes.fThesefmicellesfleavefmonoglyceridesfandffattyfacidsfatfthefbrushfborder,fwhe
reftheyfarefreabsorbedfandfreassembledfasftriglycerides.fTheftriglyceridesfarefpackagedfwithfchol
esterol,ffat-
solublefvitamins,fandfphospholipidsfintofchylomicrons,fwhichfpassfintoftheflymphaticfcirculatio
n.fWhenfthesefreachfthefliver,fthefchylomicronfcomponentsfarefrepackagedfintoflow-
densityflipoproteins.

9. Whichfofftheffollowingfisftruefoffprobiotics?
a. Probioticsfareflivefmicroorganismsffoundfinffood.
b. Probioticsfarefnondigestiblefcarbohydrates.
c. Probioticsfactfprimarilyfonfbacteriafinfthefproximalfsmallfintestine.
d. Probioticsfcannotfbefgivenfasfsupplementsfbecauseftheyfreadilyfdie.
ANS:f A
Probioticsfareflivefmicroorganisms,fwhichfwhenfadministeredfinfadequatefamountsfconferfafhealt
hfbenefitfonfthefhost.fTheyfareffoundfinffermentedffoodsflikefyogurtfandfsauerkrautforfasfafnutrition
alfsupplement.fBacterialfactionfisfmostfintensefinfthefdistalfsmallfintestinefandflargefintestine.

10. Byfwhichftransportfmechanismfarefmostfvitaminsfabsorbedffromfthefsmallfintestinefintofthefblo
od?
a. Passivefdiffusion
b. Activefdiffusion
c. Facilitativefdiffusion
d. Passivefosmosis
ANS:f A
Passivefdiffusionfisflimitedfbyfthefnumberfoffchannelsfavailablefforfnutrientsftofrandomlyfpassfthro
ugh.fFacilitatedfdiffusionfrequiresfthefpresencefoffcarrierfproteins,fwhichfmayfbeflimitedfbyfthefhe
althfandfnutritionalfstatusfoffthefperson.fActiveftransportfrequiresfenergy,fwhichfalsofmayfbeflimit
edfbyfthefperson’sfhealthfandfnutritionalfstatus.fOsmosisfoccursfinfregardftofconcentrationfgradien
tfandfonlyfinvolvesfthefmovementfoffwater,fnotfvitamins.

11. Whatfarefprimarilyfabsorbedfbyftheflargefintestine?
a. Waterfandffats
b. Carbohydrates
c. Proteins
d. Waterfandfelectrolytes
ANS:f D
Waterfandfelectrolytesfarefusuallyfthefonlyfabsorbablefremnantsfoffdietaryfintakefthatfreachftheflar
gefintestine.fFats,fcarbohydrates,fandfproteinsffromfthefdietf arefabsorbedfthroughoutfthefsmallfinte
stine.

12. WhatfhappensftofcellulosefandfligninfasftheyfgofthroughfthefGIftract?

, a. Theyfarefconvertedfintofglucosefbeforefabsorption.
b. Theyfarefconvertedfintofglucosefandfabsorbedfbyfactiveftransport.
c. Theyfarefexcretedfinftheffecesfunchanged.
d. Theyfarefexcretedfinftheffecesfasfglucose.
ANS:f C
Infhumans,fthefsecretedfamylasesfcannotfsplitfthef1-2fandf1-
4flinkagesfbetweenfthefsaccharidesfwithinfthefcellulosefmolecule.fAsfafresult,fnofindividualfgluco
sefmoleculesfarefbrokenfoff.

13. Whichfisfthefprocessfbyfwhichfmineralsfarefabsorbedfwhenftheyfarefboundftofanfacid,forganicfacid
,forfaminof acid?
a. Cotransportation
b. Carrierfprotein
c. Competitivefinhibition
d. Chelation
ANS:f D
Chelationfrefersftofthefbindingfoffafcationfmineralftofafligand,fnotfafwholefprotein.fCotransporters
fcarryftwofdifferentfmineralsfatfaftime,fsuchfasfthefcasefwithfsodiumfandfphosphorus.fAnfoverlapf

offmineralftransportfmechanismsfmayfleadftofcompetitivefabsorptionfbetweenfmineralsfinfthefpre
sencefoffotherfminerals,fsuchfasfthefcasefwithfironforfzincfsupplementation,fleadingftofafdecreasef
infcopperfabsorption.

14. Howfoftenfdofthefcellsfliningfthefintestinalftractfrecycle?
a. Everyf2ftof3fdays
b. Everyf3ftof5fdays
c. Everyf5ftof7fdays
d. Everyf10ftof14fdays
ANS:f B
Intestinalfmucosalfcellsfhavefaflifefspanfoff3ftof5fdaysfbeforeftheyfarefsloughedfofffandfrecycle
d.fTheyfareffullyffunctionalfonlyfforftheflastf2ftof3fdaysfasftheyfmigrateftofthefdistalfthirdfoffthefv
illi.

15. Whatfeffectfmayfbefachievedfbyfeatingfafdietfhighfinfprebioticfcarbohydrates?
a. DecreasedfSCFAfproductionfinfthefbowel
b. IncreasedfgrowthfoffLactobacillusfspp.
c. Decreasedfabsorptionfoffbilefsalts
d. Increasedfabsorptionfoffcationfminerals
ANS:f B
Thefusefoffprebioticfcarbohydratesffavorsfthefgrowthfofffriendlyfbacteriafsuchfasflactobacillifandf
bifidobacteria.fThesefbacteriaffermentfthefprebioticfcarbohydrates,fpromotingfincreasedfshort-
chainffattyfacidfproduction.fTheseftypesfoffcarbohydratesfhavefnotfbeenfdemonstratedftofhavefafbil
e-
sequesteringfeffect.fImpairmentsfinfabsorptionfoffcationfmineralsftendftofbefinfrelationftofphytates
fandfoxalatesfthatfarefpresentf infplantf foods.




16. Howflongfdoesfitftakefforfsmallfintestinefcontentsftofreachfthefileocecalfvalve?
a. 18ftof72fhours
b. 3ftof8fhours