MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY (RENAL
DISEASE) – HOSA EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Functions of Kidney - Answer-- excrete wastes, maintain volume and composition of
body fluids, filter blood
- also secrete hormones for vitamins/minerals
Kidney contains.... - Answer-1 million nephrons
Nephron contain... - Answer-glomerulus (have specialized capillaries)
How is liquid waste removed from the body - Answer-it is sent through tubes called
ureters from kidneys to the bladder, which comes out in our urine
- these wastes include end products of protein metabolism (urea, uric acid, ammonia),
excess water + nutrients, dead renal cells, toxic substances
Normal urine output - Answer-1.5 L/day
Oliguria - Answer-urinary output less than 500 ml/day
What happens when renal tissue is destroyed unable to do its function - Answer--
Uremia (protein wastes circulating the blood)
What should be done to fix renal disease? - Answer-dialysis (mechanical filtration) or
kidney transplant
nephrosclerosis - Answer-hardening of renal artery
polycystic kidney disease - Answer-- cysts form and press on kidneys (kidneys enlarge
and loose function)
nephrolithiasis - Answer-- kidney stones (more crystal-forming substances)
Dietary Treatment of Renal Disease - Answer-- reduce protein intake
- receive sufficient calories
- limit nutrient intake
- limit fluids and sodium
- potassium limit
- no vitamin A
glomerular filtration rate - Answer-- rate at which kidneys filter blood
DISEASE) – HOSA EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Functions of Kidney - Answer-- excrete wastes, maintain volume and composition of
body fluids, filter blood
- also secrete hormones for vitamins/minerals
Kidney contains.... - Answer-1 million nephrons
Nephron contain... - Answer-glomerulus (have specialized capillaries)
How is liquid waste removed from the body - Answer-it is sent through tubes called
ureters from kidneys to the bladder, which comes out in our urine
- these wastes include end products of protein metabolism (urea, uric acid, ammonia),
excess water + nutrients, dead renal cells, toxic substances
Normal urine output - Answer-1.5 L/day
Oliguria - Answer-urinary output less than 500 ml/day
What happens when renal tissue is destroyed unable to do its function - Answer--
Uremia (protein wastes circulating the blood)
What should be done to fix renal disease? - Answer-dialysis (mechanical filtration) or
kidney transplant
nephrosclerosis - Answer-hardening of renal artery
polycystic kidney disease - Answer-- cysts form and press on kidneys (kidneys enlarge
and loose function)
nephrolithiasis - Answer-- kidney stones (more crystal-forming substances)
Dietary Treatment of Renal Disease - Answer-- reduce protein intake
- receive sufficient calories
- limit nutrient intake
- limit fluids and sodium
- potassium limit
- no vitamin A
glomerular filtration rate - Answer-- rate at which kidneys filter blood
