NURS 424 exam #4 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

NURS 424 exam #4 Study Guide with Complete Solutions lab values to look at with GI issues & what they may show - Ans:--electrolytes (usually absorbed in small intestine) -BUN (dehydration shows elevated BUN & normal creatinine) -enzymes (elevated ALT & AST indicate liver damage) -hematology (Hgb, hct, PT, INR PTT, important to monitor w/ GI bleed) -ABGs (metabolic problems w/ diarrhea, diabetic ketoacidosis) -antibodies (H pylori w/ peptic ulcer disease) functions of liver - Ans:--metabolizes (fats, proteins, vitamins, iron storage, excretes bile, maintains normal blood glucose) -blood filtration (destroys bacteria) -blood clotting (forms clotting factors) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/45 -drug metabolism (metabolizes fat soluble drugs) functions of pancreas - Ans:--secretes insulin & glucagon -releases enzymes to aid in digestion of fats, starches & proteins (amylase, lipase) -part of hepatic portal system (relative to blood supply) laboratory assessment & 2 tests with pancreas issues - Ans:--amylase (pancreatitis) -lipase (best to detect pancreatitis) -secretin stimulation test (ability to respond to secretin) -elastase test (stool test for elastase) diagnostic tests with GI issues - Ans:--radiographic (KUD= x ray of abd) -CT -ultrasound -MRI -nuclear scan -angiography ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/45 -endoscopy -gastric tonometry -sublingual capnometry -endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (looks inside bile ducts, can pull out stones) nursing assessment of abdomen - Ans:-1. inspection 2. auscultation 3. percussion 4. palpation A patient has had an upper endoscopy and upon return to the medical/surgical floor the nurse notes the patient is difficult to arouse. The priority action for the nurse is which of the following? A. Assess the patient's airway B. Allow the patient to sleep C. Increase rate of IV fluids D. Evaluate preprocedure laboratory tests for abnormalities - Ans:-A ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/45 Which laboratory results would the nurse evaluate as indicating damage to the liver? (Select all that apply) A. ALT of 135 units/L B. AST of 25 units/L C. Triglycerides 225 mg/dL D. Amylase 300 units/L E. Lipase 200 units/L - Ans:-A, D -ALT & amylase are elevated aneurysm - Ans:--abnormal dilation of an artery resulting in a weakened wall -more pressure in the area, more likely it is to rupture -named by location causes of abdominal aortic aneurysm - Ans:--atherosclerosis -genetic -connective tissue disorder (Marfan syndrome) ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 5/45 -traumatic injury -Infection manifestations of abdominal aortic aneurysm - Ans:--without complications can be asymptomatic diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm - Ans:--radiograph -CT -TEE -MRI -visualization & palpation aren't reliable (just because you see pulsation doesn't mean it's an aneurysm) management of abdominal aortic aneurysm - Ans:--close monitoring through imaging to track size -aggressive BP control is MOST IMPORTANT -only intervene when greater than 5-5.5 cm