NUR 590 Exam Three Study Guide With
Complete Solution
Components of Neurology Physical Exam - ANSWER 1: test cranial nerves
1-12
2: Evaluate coordination and fine motor skills
3: Evaluate balance
4: Observe gait
5: Test primary senses
6: Test cortical sensory response
7: Assess superficial and deep tendon reflexes
Main units of the brain - ANSWER 1: Cerebrum
2: Cerebellum
3: Brainstem
Where does the brain receive blood supply from? - ANSWER 1: *2 internal
carotid arteries*
2: *2 Vertebral arteries*
Where does blood from the brain drain? - ANSWER It drains through venous
plexuses and dural sinuses
- they empty into the internal juguar veins
,Parts of the Cerebrum - ANSWER 1. Cerebral cortex
2. Hemispheres
3. Frontal lobe
4. Parietal lobe
5. Occipital lobe
6. Temporal lobe
7. Basal ganglia
Cerebral cortex - ANSWER Gray, outer layer
- houses higher mental functions
Hemispheres - ANSWER - The brain has 2 hemispheres
- they control contralateral (opposite) side of body
What connects the two hemispheres of the brain? - ANSWER Commissural
fibers called the *corpus callosum*
Frontal lobe of the brain - ANSWER Contains motor cortex
- associted with *voluntary skeletal muscle movement, fine motor
movements and control eye movements*
Parietal lobe of the brain - ANSWER - Responsible for processing *sensory
data*
- Assists with interpretation of tactile sensations
- recognition of body parts and awareness of body position
What is proprioception? - ANSWER Recognition of body parts and awareness
,of body position
Which part of the brain is responsible for proprioception? - ANSWER Parietal
lobe
Occiptal lobe - ANSWER Contains primary vision center
Temporal lobe - ANSWER Responsible for perception and interpretation of
sounds
- reception and interpretation of speech is located in *Wernicke area*
Basal Ganglia - ANSWER Functions and extrapyraidal pathway and
processing station between cerebral motor cortex and upper brainstem
Cerebellum - ANSWER - Aids in motor cortex of cerebrum in integration of
voluntary movements
- processes sensory information from the eyes, ears, touch receptors and
musculoskeletal system
- Uses sensory data for reflexive control of muscle tone, balance and posture
to produce steady and precise movements
*Cerebellum hemispheres have ipsilateral control of the body*
What part of the brain has ipsilateral control of the body? - ANSWER The
cerebellum
What part of the brain has contralateral control of the body? - ANSWER The
hemispheres of the cerebrum
The Brain stem - ANSWER - The pathway between cerebral cortex and spinal
cord
, - *Structures:* medulla, pons, midbrain, diencephalon
- *thalamus* is responsible for perception of various sensations such as pain
and temperature
Sructures of the Brainstem (4) - ANSWER 1. Medulla oblongata
2. Pons
3. Midbrain
4. Diencephalon
The spinal cord - ANSWER - 40-50 cm long
- begins at foreman magnum and continues until L1-L2
- Gray matter consisting of anterior and posterior horns contains nerve cell
bodies associated with sensory pathways in the autonomic nervous system
- white matter of spinal cord contains ascending and descending spinal tracts
- upper motor neurons
Posterior tract of spinal cord (ascending) - ANSWER Carries fibers for
*sensation* of fine touch, to pint discrimination and proprioception
Descending spinal cord tracts - ANSWER Convey impulses from the brain to
various muslce groups
*motor*
Upper motor neurons of spinal cord - ANSWER Nerve cell bodies for motor
pathways that all begin and end within central nervous system
Spinal Nerves - ANSWER - 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord and
Complete Solution
Components of Neurology Physical Exam - ANSWER 1: test cranial nerves
1-12
2: Evaluate coordination and fine motor skills
3: Evaluate balance
4: Observe gait
5: Test primary senses
6: Test cortical sensory response
7: Assess superficial and deep tendon reflexes
Main units of the brain - ANSWER 1: Cerebrum
2: Cerebellum
3: Brainstem
Where does the brain receive blood supply from? - ANSWER 1: *2 internal
carotid arteries*
2: *2 Vertebral arteries*
Where does blood from the brain drain? - ANSWER It drains through venous
plexuses and dural sinuses
- they empty into the internal juguar veins
,Parts of the Cerebrum - ANSWER 1. Cerebral cortex
2. Hemispheres
3. Frontal lobe
4. Parietal lobe
5. Occipital lobe
6. Temporal lobe
7. Basal ganglia
Cerebral cortex - ANSWER Gray, outer layer
- houses higher mental functions
Hemispheres - ANSWER - The brain has 2 hemispheres
- they control contralateral (opposite) side of body
What connects the two hemispheres of the brain? - ANSWER Commissural
fibers called the *corpus callosum*
Frontal lobe of the brain - ANSWER Contains motor cortex
- associted with *voluntary skeletal muscle movement, fine motor
movements and control eye movements*
Parietal lobe of the brain - ANSWER - Responsible for processing *sensory
data*
- Assists with interpretation of tactile sensations
- recognition of body parts and awareness of body position
What is proprioception? - ANSWER Recognition of body parts and awareness
,of body position
Which part of the brain is responsible for proprioception? - ANSWER Parietal
lobe
Occiptal lobe - ANSWER Contains primary vision center
Temporal lobe - ANSWER Responsible for perception and interpretation of
sounds
- reception and interpretation of speech is located in *Wernicke area*
Basal Ganglia - ANSWER Functions and extrapyraidal pathway and
processing station between cerebral motor cortex and upper brainstem
Cerebellum - ANSWER - Aids in motor cortex of cerebrum in integration of
voluntary movements
- processes sensory information from the eyes, ears, touch receptors and
musculoskeletal system
- Uses sensory data for reflexive control of muscle tone, balance and posture
to produce steady and precise movements
*Cerebellum hemispheres have ipsilateral control of the body*
What part of the brain has ipsilateral control of the body? - ANSWER The
cerebellum
What part of the brain has contralateral control of the body? - ANSWER The
hemispheres of the cerebrum
The Brain stem - ANSWER - The pathway between cerebral cortex and spinal
cord
, - *Structures:* medulla, pons, midbrain, diencephalon
- *thalamus* is responsible for perception of various sensations such as pain
and temperature
Sructures of the Brainstem (4) - ANSWER 1. Medulla oblongata
2. Pons
3. Midbrain
4. Diencephalon
The spinal cord - ANSWER - 40-50 cm long
- begins at foreman magnum and continues until L1-L2
- Gray matter consisting of anterior and posterior horns contains nerve cell
bodies associated with sensory pathways in the autonomic nervous system
- white matter of spinal cord contains ascending and descending spinal tracts
- upper motor neurons
Posterior tract of spinal cord (ascending) - ANSWER Carries fibers for
*sensation* of fine touch, to pint discrimination and proprioception
Descending spinal cord tracts - ANSWER Convey impulses from the brain to
various muslce groups
*motor*
Upper motor neurons of spinal cord - ANSWER Nerve cell bodies for motor
pathways that all begin and end within central nervous system
Spinal Nerves - ANSWER - 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord and
