FOCM Exam #1 Neural Tube Defects & Embryonic Folding
Anomalies & Teratology Exam Qs & As.
Based on the process of neurulation, where are the locations of most neural tube defects?
- Correct Answer Cranial and lumbar regions
neural tube forms from _____ - Correct Answer ectoderm
last portions of the neural tube to finish neurulation are: - Correct Answer the cranial and
caudal ends
If the cranial neuropore remains open during development, which anomaly will result? -
Correct Answer Anencephaly
What happens if the cranial neuropore remains open? - Correct Answer -if the cranial
neuropore remains open, the brain will be underdeveloped, exposed, continuous with the
skin
anencephaly (exencephaly, cranioschisis) - Correct Answer -incomplete development of
the cranial neural tube, resulting in a brain that is an undifferentiated and exposed mass
-exposed with surface
-continuous w/ skin
-underdeveloped brain
Myeloschisis - Correct Answer -incomplete development of the caudal neural tube,
resulting lumbar spinal cord that is undifferentiated and exposed
inionschisis - Correct Answer -failure of the neural tube to fuse near the occipital region
-rare
-cranial dos not fuse
that after the neural tube breaks from the surface ectoderm, the ______ from somites
migrates around the neural tube and notochord to form the ______ - Correct Answer
sclerotome; vertebra
, what could fail if you have delayed/late neurulation - Correct Answer vertebral arches that
may fail to form if something (late neurulation) disrupts this process
If the caudal neuropore closes, but not in a timely fashion, disrupting the vertebral arches,
which anomaly will result? - Correct Answer -Spina bifica occulta
-Meningocele
-Meningomyelocele
spina bifida occulta - Correct Answer -open vertebral arch
-normal defect
-spinous processes bifib and are open
-assumptomatic
-usually one open vertebral arch, no clinical sequelae
meningocele, - Correct Answer -only meninges protrude through defect, rare
neural tube breaks from ectoderm, but herniates through defect, causing damage to neural
components - Correct Answer meningomyelocele,
neural tube continuous with skin - Correct Answer myeloschisis
only meninges protrude through defect, rare - Correct Answer meningocele
meningomyelocele - Correct Answer -neural tube breaks from ectoderm, but herniates
through defect, causing damage to neural components
-open vertebral arches through which the dura and spinal cord protrude
-after surgical repair, patients condition varies, but essentially similar to spinal cord trauma
(everything at that level and below is compromised)
myeloschisis - Correct Answer neural tube continuous with skin (described on previous
slide)
Which of the neural tube defects are physicians speaking of when they say "spina bifida"? -
Correct Answer Meningomyelocele
Anomalies & Teratology Exam Qs & As.
Based on the process of neurulation, where are the locations of most neural tube defects?
- Correct Answer Cranial and lumbar regions
neural tube forms from _____ - Correct Answer ectoderm
last portions of the neural tube to finish neurulation are: - Correct Answer the cranial and
caudal ends
If the cranial neuropore remains open during development, which anomaly will result? -
Correct Answer Anencephaly
What happens if the cranial neuropore remains open? - Correct Answer -if the cranial
neuropore remains open, the brain will be underdeveloped, exposed, continuous with the
skin
anencephaly (exencephaly, cranioschisis) - Correct Answer -incomplete development of
the cranial neural tube, resulting in a brain that is an undifferentiated and exposed mass
-exposed with surface
-continuous w/ skin
-underdeveloped brain
Myeloschisis - Correct Answer -incomplete development of the caudal neural tube,
resulting lumbar spinal cord that is undifferentiated and exposed
inionschisis - Correct Answer -failure of the neural tube to fuse near the occipital region
-rare
-cranial dos not fuse
that after the neural tube breaks from the surface ectoderm, the ______ from somites
migrates around the neural tube and notochord to form the ______ - Correct Answer
sclerotome; vertebra
, what could fail if you have delayed/late neurulation - Correct Answer vertebral arches that
may fail to form if something (late neurulation) disrupts this process
If the caudal neuropore closes, but not in a timely fashion, disrupting the vertebral arches,
which anomaly will result? - Correct Answer -Spina bifica occulta
-Meningocele
-Meningomyelocele
spina bifida occulta - Correct Answer -open vertebral arch
-normal defect
-spinous processes bifib and are open
-assumptomatic
-usually one open vertebral arch, no clinical sequelae
meningocele, - Correct Answer -only meninges protrude through defect, rare
neural tube breaks from ectoderm, but herniates through defect, causing damage to neural
components - Correct Answer meningomyelocele,
neural tube continuous with skin - Correct Answer myeloschisis
only meninges protrude through defect, rare - Correct Answer meningocele
meningomyelocele - Correct Answer -neural tube breaks from ectoderm, but herniates
through defect, causing damage to neural components
-open vertebral arches through which the dura and spinal cord protrude
-after surgical repair, patients condition varies, but essentially similar to spinal cord trauma
(everything at that level and below is compromised)
myeloschisis - Correct Answer neural tube continuous with skin (described on previous
slide)
Which of the neural tube defects are physicians speaking of when they say "spina bifida"? -
Correct Answer Meningomyelocele
