NURS 3366 FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
NURS 3366 FINAL EXAM
1. What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor: c. Injury to the endothelial cells that
line the artery walls
2. What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.: a. LDLs cause smooth
muscle proliferation.
3. Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated
with hypertension?
a. Increased norepinephrine
b. Adducin
c. Angiotensin II
d. Insulin resistance: c. Angiotensin II
4. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of
hypertension?
,a. Compression of the renal tubules
b. Ischemia of the tubule
c. Increased pressure from within the tubule
d. Obstruction of the renal tubule: b. Ischemia of the tubule
5. What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm?
a. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima.
b. It increases nitric oxide.
c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
d. It obstructs the vessel.: c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
6. Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference between healthy vessel walls
and those that promote clot formation?
a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present.
b. Hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery are present.
c. Excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the endothelium of the artery
are present.
d. Evidence of age-related changes that weaken the endothelium of the artery are
present.: a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present.
7. What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
a. Deep venous thrombosis
b. Endocarditis
c. Valvular disease
d. Left heart failure: a. Deep venous thrombosis
8. What change in a vein supports the development of varicose veins?
a. Increase in osmotic pressure
,b. Damage to the valves in veins
c. Damage to the venous endothelium
d. Increase in hydrostatic pressure: b. Damage to the valves in veins
9. What term is used to identify when a cell is temporarily deprived of blood supply?
a. Infarction
b. Ischemia
c. Necrosis
d. Inflammation: b. Ischemia
10. The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased up to threefold by
which factor?
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Hypertension
c. Obesity
d. High alcohol consumption: b. Hypertension
11. Which substance is manufactured by the liver and primarily contains cholesterol
and protein?
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
d. Triglycerides: b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
12. Which elevated value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis?
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
, d. Triglycerides: c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
13. Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque? a.
Homocysteine
b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
d. C-reactive protein (CRP): d. C-reactive protein (CRP)
14. An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels of troponin, creatine kinase-
isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is exhibiting indicators
associated with which condition? a. Myocardial ischemia
b. Hypertension
c. Myocardial infarction (MI)
d. Coronary artery disease (CAD): c. Myocardial infarction (MI)
15. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance. Which form of heart failure may result from pulmonary
disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance? a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure: a. Right heart failure 16. What is the trigger for angina
pectoris?
a. Atherosclerotic lesions
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Myocardial necrosis
d. Myocardial ischemia: d. Myocardial ischemia
17. A 72-year-old female has been told by her physician that she has a new heart
murmur that requires her to go visit a cardiologist. Upon examination, the
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
NURS 3366 FINAL EXAM
1. What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor: c. Injury to the endothelial cells that
line the artery walls
2. What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.: a. LDLs cause smooth
muscle proliferation.
3. Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated
with hypertension?
a. Increased norepinephrine
b. Adducin
c. Angiotensin II
d. Insulin resistance: c. Angiotensin II
4. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of
hypertension?
,a. Compression of the renal tubules
b. Ischemia of the tubule
c. Increased pressure from within the tubule
d. Obstruction of the renal tubule: b. Ischemia of the tubule
5. What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm?
a. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima.
b. It increases nitric oxide.
c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
d. It obstructs the vessel.: c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
6. Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference between healthy vessel walls
and those that promote clot formation?
a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present.
b. Hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery are present.
c. Excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the endothelium of the artery
are present.
d. Evidence of age-related changes that weaken the endothelium of the artery are
present.: a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present.
7. What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
a. Deep venous thrombosis
b. Endocarditis
c. Valvular disease
d. Left heart failure: a. Deep venous thrombosis
8. What change in a vein supports the development of varicose veins?
a. Increase in osmotic pressure
,b. Damage to the valves in veins
c. Damage to the venous endothelium
d. Increase in hydrostatic pressure: b. Damage to the valves in veins
9. What term is used to identify when a cell is temporarily deprived of blood supply?
a. Infarction
b. Ischemia
c. Necrosis
d. Inflammation: b. Ischemia
10. The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased up to threefold by
which factor?
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Hypertension
c. Obesity
d. High alcohol consumption: b. Hypertension
11. Which substance is manufactured by the liver and primarily contains cholesterol
and protein?
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
d. Triglycerides: b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
12. Which elevated value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis?
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
, d. Triglycerides: c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
13. Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque? a.
Homocysteine
b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
d. C-reactive protein (CRP): d. C-reactive protein (CRP)
14. An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels of troponin, creatine kinase-
isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is exhibiting indicators
associated with which condition? a. Myocardial ischemia
b. Hypertension
c. Myocardial infarction (MI)
d. Coronary artery disease (CAD): c. Myocardial infarction (MI)
15. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance. Which form of heart failure may result from pulmonary
disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance? a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure: a. Right heart failure 16. What is the trigger for angina
pectoris?
a. Atherosclerotic lesions
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Myocardial necrosis
d. Myocardial ischemia: d. Myocardial ischemia
17. A 72-year-old female has been told by her physician that she has a new heart
murmur that requires her to go visit a cardiologist. Upon examination, the
