Genetics and Genomics in Nursing
r r r r
r and Health Care BY: (Theresa
r r r r
r A.Beery, M. Linda Workman and r r r r
r Julia A. Eggert) 2ND EDITION,2024
r r r r
r || ALL CHAPTERS
r r
GRADESMORE.COM
,Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function
r r r r r
Multiple Choice
r
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
r r r r r r r r r r r
1. In which body or cell area are most genes in humans located?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Cytoplasm
D. Plasma membrane r
2. Which condition or statement exemplifies the concept of genomics rather than genetics?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. The gene for insulin is located on chromosome 11 in all people.
r r r r r r r r r r r
B. Expression of any single gene is dependent on inheriting two alleles. r r r r r r r r r r
C. Sex-linked recessive disorders affect males more often than females. r r r r r r r r
D. One allele for each gene is inherited from the mother, and one is inherited from the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r father.
3. What is the purpose of phosphorous in a DNA strand?
r r r r r r r r r
A. Linking the nucleotides into a strand r r r r r
B. Holding complementary strands together r r r
C. Ensuring that a purine is always paired with a pyrimidine r r r r r r r r r
D. Preventing the separation of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA r r r r r r r r
4. What is the term used to define alternative forms of a gene that may result in different expression of
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
the trait coded for by that gene?
r r r r r r
A. Alleles
B. Bases
C. Centromeres
D. Diploids
5. What percentage of bases in a stretch of double-stranded DNA that contains 30% guanine (G) bases
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
would be adenine (A)?
r r r r
A. 70%
B. 60%
C. 30%
D. 20%
6. What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes within a cell used to
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
determine whether chromosome numbers, structures, and banding patterns are normal?
r r r r r r r r r r
A. Pedigree
B. Phenotype
C. Karyotype
D. Autotype
7. What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the base
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG?
r r r
A. GATTCCTAACTGG
GRADESMORE.COM
, B. TTGACCGAAGGCT
r
C. AACTGGCTTCCGA
r
D. CCAGTTAGGAATC
r
r 8. Which of these complementary base pairs form the strongest or “tightest” association?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. Adenine and thymine
r r r
B. Cytosine and guanine
r r r
C. Guanine and thymine
r r r
D. Cytosine and adenine
r r r
r 9. What activity occurs during M phase of the cell cycle?
r r r r r r r r r
A. The cell undergoes cytokinesis.
r r r r
B. Activity stops, and the cell “sleeps.”
r r r r r r
C. All DNA is completely replicated.
r r r r r
D. The cell greatly increases protein synthesis.
r r r r r r
r 10. Which chromosome number represents the euploid state for normal human somatic cells?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. 44 r
B. 46 r
C. 47 r
D. 48 r
r 11. How does the proteome differ from the genome?
r r r r r r r
A. The proteome changes in response to intracellular and extracellular signals.
r r r r r r r r r r
B. The genome changes in respoGnR
r seAtD
oEinStrM
acOeR
lluEla.rCaO
ndMextracellular signals.
r r r r r
C. The proteome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells, whereas the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
genome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells.
r r r r r r r r r
D. The genome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells, whereas the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
proteome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells. r r r r r r r r r
r 12. What is the most outstanding feature of a mature haploid cell?
r r r r r r r r r r
A. It is usually homozygous.
r r r r
B. The sex chromosomes are missing.
r r r r r
C. Only one chromosome of each pair is present.
r r r r r r r r
D. DNA synthesis occurs after mitosis instead of before.
r r r r r r r r
r 13. At what phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible as separate structures?
r r r r r r r r r r r r
A. G1 r
B. G2 r
C. S r
D. M r
r 14. Which statement about the cell cycle phase of G0 is true?
r r r r r r r r r r
A. Hyperplastic growth in place of hypertrophic growth
r r r r r r r
B. Performance of specific differentiated functions
r r r r r
C. Initiation and completion of nucleokinesis
r r r r r
D. Replication of DNA
r r r
r 15. What is the result of normal DNA replication?
r r r r r r r
GRADESMORE.COM
, A. Formation of two new daughter cells r r r r r
B. Formation of two identical sets of DNA r r r r r r
C. Disappearance of the original parent cell r r r r r
D. Activation and attachment of spindle fibers r r r r r
r
16. Which statement regarding chromosome structure or function is true?
r r r r r r r r
A. The chromatids of any single chromosome are known as “sister chromatids.”
r r r r r r r r r r
B. The genes located on the telomeres of chromosomes are identical to the genes in
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
the centromeres.
r r
C. Immediately before the mitosis phase of cell division, the chromosomes of all r r r r r r r r r r r
somatic cells are haploid.
r r r r
D. A specific gene allele on one chromosome has a complementary allele on the other
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
chromosome of a pair.
r r r r
r
17. Why does a person with normal chromosomes only have two alleles for any single gene trait?
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
A. A minimum of two alleles is required for the expression of monogenic traits.
r r r r r r r r r r r r
B. When a dominant allele is paired with a recessive allele, only the dominant allele is
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r expressed, and the recessive allele is silent. r r r r r r
C. One allele for the monogenic trait is on the paternally derived chromosome, and the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r other allele is on the maternally derived chromosome.
r r r r r r r
D. Expression of more than two alleles of any single-gene trait results in enhanced
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r expression of recessive alleles and suppressed expression of dominant alleles.
r r r r r r r r r
r r 18. r Under what normal condition are genotype and phenotype always the same?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. Euploidy of alleles
r GRADESMORE.COM r r
B. Aneuploidy of alleles
r r r
C. Homozygosity of alleles
r r r
D. Heterozygosity of
r r
alleles
r
r 19. r What would be the expected result of a drug that affected a particular tissue by causing new DNA to
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
form with covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds?
r r r r r r r r
A. None of the cells in the affected tissue would be able to leave G0 and enter the cell
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
cycle. r
B. Replication of DNA would result in identical DNA strands instead of
r r r r r r r r r r r
complementary strands.
r r
C. Mitosis of cells in the tissue would result in the production of three new daughter
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
cells instead of just two.
r r r r r
D. The new cells that formed within this tissue would not be able to complete the next round
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
of mitosis successfully.
r r r
r 20. How does the DNA enzyme topoisomerase contribute to DNA replication?
r r r r r r r r r
A. Unwinds the double helix and separates the double-stranded DNA
r r r r r r r r r
B. Creates a “nick” in the DNA supercoils, allowing them to straighten before
r r r r r r r r r r r r
replication
C. Initiates DNA synthesis in multiple sites down the strand, making the process more
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
efficient
D. Connects and links the individual pieces of newly synthesized DNA to form a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
single strand r
GRADESMORE.COM
r r r r
r and Health Care BY: (Theresa
r r r r
r A.Beery, M. Linda Workman and r r r r
r Julia A. Eggert) 2ND EDITION,2024
r r r r
r || ALL CHAPTERS
r r
GRADESMORE.COM
,Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function
r r r r r
Multiple Choice
r
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
r r r r r r r r r r r
1. In which body or cell area are most genes in humans located?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Cytoplasm
D. Plasma membrane r
2. Which condition or statement exemplifies the concept of genomics rather than genetics?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. The gene for insulin is located on chromosome 11 in all people.
r r r r r r r r r r r
B. Expression of any single gene is dependent on inheriting two alleles. r r r r r r r r r r
C. Sex-linked recessive disorders affect males more often than females. r r r r r r r r
D. One allele for each gene is inherited from the mother, and one is inherited from the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r father.
3. What is the purpose of phosphorous in a DNA strand?
r r r r r r r r r
A. Linking the nucleotides into a strand r r r r r
B. Holding complementary strands together r r r
C. Ensuring that a purine is always paired with a pyrimidine r r r r r r r r r
D. Preventing the separation of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA r r r r r r r r
4. What is the term used to define alternative forms of a gene that may result in different expression of
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
the trait coded for by that gene?
r r r r r r
A. Alleles
B. Bases
C. Centromeres
D. Diploids
5. What percentage of bases in a stretch of double-stranded DNA that contains 30% guanine (G) bases
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
would be adenine (A)?
r r r r
A. 70%
B. 60%
C. 30%
D. 20%
6. What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes within a cell used to
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
determine whether chromosome numbers, structures, and banding patterns are normal?
r r r r r r r r r r
A. Pedigree
B. Phenotype
C. Karyotype
D. Autotype
7. What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the base
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG?
r r r
A. GATTCCTAACTGG
GRADESMORE.COM
, B. TTGACCGAAGGCT
r
C. AACTGGCTTCCGA
r
D. CCAGTTAGGAATC
r
r 8. Which of these complementary base pairs form the strongest or “tightest” association?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. Adenine and thymine
r r r
B. Cytosine and guanine
r r r
C. Guanine and thymine
r r r
D. Cytosine and adenine
r r r
r 9. What activity occurs during M phase of the cell cycle?
r r r r r r r r r
A. The cell undergoes cytokinesis.
r r r r
B. Activity stops, and the cell “sleeps.”
r r r r r r
C. All DNA is completely replicated.
r r r r r
D. The cell greatly increases protein synthesis.
r r r r r r
r 10. Which chromosome number represents the euploid state for normal human somatic cells?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. 44 r
B. 46 r
C. 47 r
D. 48 r
r 11. How does the proteome differ from the genome?
r r r r r r r
A. The proteome changes in response to intracellular and extracellular signals.
r r r r r r r r r r
B. The genome changes in respoGnR
r seAtD
oEinStrM
acOeR
lluEla.rCaO
ndMextracellular signals.
r r r r r
C. The proteome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells, whereas the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
genome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells.
r r r r r r r r r
D. The genome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells, whereas the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
proteome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells. r r r r r r r r r
r 12. What is the most outstanding feature of a mature haploid cell?
r r r r r r r r r r
A. It is usually homozygous.
r r r r
B. The sex chromosomes are missing.
r r r r r
C. Only one chromosome of each pair is present.
r r r r r r r r
D. DNA synthesis occurs after mitosis instead of before.
r r r r r r r r
r 13. At what phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible as separate structures?
r r r r r r r r r r r r
A. G1 r
B. G2 r
C. S r
D. M r
r 14. Which statement about the cell cycle phase of G0 is true?
r r r r r r r r r r
A. Hyperplastic growth in place of hypertrophic growth
r r r r r r r
B. Performance of specific differentiated functions
r r r r r
C. Initiation and completion of nucleokinesis
r r r r r
D. Replication of DNA
r r r
r 15. What is the result of normal DNA replication?
r r r r r r r
GRADESMORE.COM
, A. Formation of two new daughter cells r r r r r
B. Formation of two identical sets of DNA r r r r r r
C. Disappearance of the original parent cell r r r r r
D. Activation and attachment of spindle fibers r r r r r
r
16. Which statement regarding chromosome structure or function is true?
r r r r r r r r
A. The chromatids of any single chromosome are known as “sister chromatids.”
r r r r r r r r r r
B. The genes located on the telomeres of chromosomes are identical to the genes in
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
the centromeres.
r r
C. Immediately before the mitosis phase of cell division, the chromosomes of all r r r r r r r r r r r
somatic cells are haploid.
r r r r
D. A specific gene allele on one chromosome has a complementary allele on the other
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
chromosome of a pair.
r r r r
r
17. Why does a person with normal chromosomes only have two alleles for any single gene trait?
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
A. A minimum of two alleles is required for the expression of monogenic traits.
r r r r r r r r r r r r
B. When a dominant allele is paired with a recessive allele, only the dominant allele is
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r expressed, and the recessive allele is silent. r r r r r r
C. One allele for the monogenic trait is on the paternally derived chromosome, and the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r other allele is on the maternally derived chromosome.
r r r r r r r
D. Expression of more than two alleles of any single-gene trait results in enhanced
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r expression of recessive alleles and suppressed expression of dominant alleles.
r r r r r r r r r
r r 18. r Under what normal condition are genotype and phenotype always the same?
r r r r r r r r r r r
A. Euploidy of alleles
r GRADESMORE.COM r r
B. Aneuploidy of alleles
r r r
C. Homozygosity of alleles
r r r
D. Heterozygosity of
r r
alleles
r
r 19. r What would be the expected result of a drug that affected a particular tissue by causing new DNA to
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
form with covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds?
r r r r r r r r
A. None of the cells in the affected tissue would be able to leave G0 and enter the cell
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
cycle. r
B. Replication of DNA would result in identical DNA strands instead of
r r r r r r r r r r r
complementary strands.
r r
C. Mitosis of cells in the tissue would result in the production of three new daughter
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
cells instead of just two.
r r r r r
D. The new cells that formed within this tissue would not be able to complete the next round
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
of mitosis successfully.
r r r
r 20. How does the DNA enzyme topoisomerase contribute to DNA replication?
r r r r r r r r r
A. Unwinds the double helix and separates the double-stranded DNA
r r r r r r r r r
B. Creates a “nick” in the DNA supercoils, allowing them to straighten before
r r r r r r r r r r r r
replication
C. Initiates DNA synthesis in multiple sites down the strand, making the process more
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
efficient
D. Connects and links the individual pieces of newly synthesized DNA to form a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
single strand r
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