INSTRUCTOR’S
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
JAMES LAPP
Colorado Mesa University
S
R
BIOSTATISTICS
VE
BIOLOGICAL
FOR THE
IE
AND HEALTH SCIENCES
H
SECOND EDITION
AC
Marc Triola
M
New York University School of Medicine
EA
Mario F. Triola
Dutchess Community College
R
D
Jason Roy
University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine
, S
R
VE
IE
H
The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the
AC
development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and
publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation
contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.
M
Reproduced by Pearson from electronic files supplied by the author.
EA
Copyright © 2018, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Pearson, 501 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02116.
R
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
D
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-403926-8
ISBN-10: 0-13-403926-2
www.pearsonhighered.com
, CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction To Statistics
Section 1-1: Statistical and Critical Thinking............................................................................1
Section 1-2: Types of Data ........................................................................................................2
Section 1-3: Collecting Sample Data.........................................................................................3
Chapter Quick Quiz ...................................................................................................................5
Review Exercises .......................................................................................................................5
Cumulative Review Exercises ...................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
S
Section 2-1: Frequency Distributions for Organizing and Summarizing Data..........................7
Section 2-2: Histograms...........................................................................................................12
R
Section 2-3: Graphs That Enlighten and Graphs That Deceive...............................................14
Section 2-4: Scatterplots, Correlation, and Regression ...........................................................17
VE
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................18
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................18
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................20
Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
IE
Section 3-1: Measures of Center..............................................................................................23
Section 3-2: Measures of Variation .........................................................................................27
H
Section 3-3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots......................................................31
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................34
AC
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................35
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................35
Chapter 4: Probability
M
Section 4-1: Basic Concepts of Probability .............................................................................37
Section 4-2: Addition Rule and Multiplication Rule ...............................................................38
Section 4-3: Complements, Conditional Probability, and Bayes’ Theorem............................41
EA
Section 4-4: Risks and Odds ....................................................................................................42
Section 4-5: Rates of Mortality, Fertility, and Morbidity........................................................44
Section 4-6: Counting ..............................................................................................................46
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................48
R
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................48
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................49
D
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions
Section 5-1: Probability Distributions .....................................................................................51
Section 5-2: Binomial Probability Distributions......................................................................52
Section 5-3: Poisson Probability Distributions ........................................................................55
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................57
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................58
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................59
, Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distributions
Section 6-1: The Standard Normal Distribution ......................................................................61
Section 6-2: Real Applications of Normal Distributions.........................................................62
Section 6-3: Sampling Distributions and Estimators ...............................................................65
Section 6-4: The Central Limit Theorem.................................................................................69
Section 6-5: Assessing Normality............................................................................................72
Section 6-6: Normal as Approximation to Binomial ...............................................................75
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................77
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................77
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................79
Chapter 7: Estimating Parameters and Determining Sample Sizes
S
Section 7-1: Estimating a Population Proportion.....................................................................81
R
Section 7-2: Estimating a Population Mean.............................................................................85
Section 7-3: Estimating a Population Standard Deviation or Variance...................................89
VE
Section 7-4: Bootstrapping: Using Technology for Estimates ................................................92
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................94
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................94
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................96
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing IE
Section 8-1: Basics of Hypothesis Testing ..............................................................................97
H
Section 8-2: Testing a Claim About a Proportion....................................................................99
Section 8-3: Testing a Claim About a Mean..........................................................................104
AC
Section 8-4: Testing a Claim About a Standard Deviation or Variance ................................108
Chapter Quick Quiz ...............................................................................................................110
Review Exercises ...................................................................................................................111
Cumulative Review Exercises ...............................................................................................112
M
Chapter 9: Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
Section 9-1: Two Proportions ................................................................................................115
EA
Section 9-2: Two Means: Independent Samples....................................................................124
Section 9-3: Two Dependent Samples (Matched Pairs) ........................................................130
Section 9-4: Two Variances or Standard Deviations.............................................................134
Chapter Quick Quiz ...............................................................................................................136
R
Review Exercises ...................................................................................................................137
Cumulative Review Exercises ...............................................................................................138
D
Chapter 10: Correlation and Regression
Section 10-1: Correlation.......................................................................................................141
Section 10-2: Regression .......................................................................................................148
Section 10-3: Prediction Intervals and Variation...................................................................156
Section 10-4: Multiple Regression.........................................................................................159
Section 10-5: Dummy Variables and Logistic Regression ....................................................161
Chapter Quick Quiz ...............................................................................................................162
Review Exercises ...................................................................................................................162
Cumulative Review Exercises ...............................................................................................164
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
JAMES LAPP
Colorado Mesa University
S
R
BIOSTATISTICS
VE
BIOLOGICAL
FOR THE
IE
AND HEALTH SCIENCES
H
SECOND EDITION
AC
Marc Triola
M
New York University School of Medicine
EA
Mario F. Triola
Dutchess Community College
R
D
Jason Roy
University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine
, S
R
VE
IE
H
The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the
AC
development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and
publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation
contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.
M
Reproduced by Pearson from electronic files supplied by the author.
EA
Copyright © 2018, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Pearson, 501 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02116.
R
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
D
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-403926-8
ISBN-10: 0-13-403926-2
www.pearsonhighered.com
, CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction To Statistics
Section 1-1: Statistical and Critical Thinking............................................................................1
Section 1-2: Types of Data ........................................................................................................2
Section 1-3: Collecting Sample Data.........................................................................................3
Chapter Quick Quiz ...................................................................................................................5
Review Exercises .......................................................................................................................5
Cumulative Review Exercises ...................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
S
Section 2-1: Frequency Distributions for Organizing and Summarizing Data..........................7
Section 2-2: Histograms...........................................................................................................12
R
Section 2-3: Graphs That Enlighten and Graphs That Deceive...............................................14
Section 2-4: Scatterplots, Correlation, and Regression ...........................................................17
VE
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................18
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................18
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................20
Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
IE
Section 3-1: Measures of Center..............................................................................................23
Section 3-2: Measures of Variation .........................................................................................27
H
Section 3-3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots......................................................31
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................34
AC
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................35
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................35
Chapter 4: Probability
M
Section 4-1: Basic Concepts of Probability .............................................................................37
Section 4-2: Addition Rule and Multiplication Rule ...............................................................38
Section 4-3: Complements, Conditional Probability, and Bayes’ Theorem............................41
EA
Section 4-4: Risks and Odds ....................................................................................................42
Section 4-5: Rates of Mortality, Fertility, and Morbidity........................................................44
Section 4-6: Counting ..............................................................................................................46
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................48
R
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................48
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................49
D
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions
Section 5-1: Probability Distributions .....................................................................................51
Section 5-2: Binomial Probability Distributions......................................................................52
Section 5-3: Poisson Probability Distributions ........................................................................55
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................57
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................58
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................59
, Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distributions
Section 6-1: The Standard Normal Distribution ......................................................................61
Section 6-2: Real Applications of Normal Distributions.........................................................62
Section 6-3: Sampling Distributions and Estimators ...............................................................65
Section 6-4: The Central Limit Theorem.................................................................................69
Section 6-5: Assessing Normality............................................................................................72
Section 6-6: Normal as Approximation to Binomial ...............................................................75
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................77
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................77
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................79
Chapter 7: Estimating Parameters and Determining Sample Sizes
S
Section 7-1: Estimating a Population Proportion.....................................................................81
R
Section 7-2: Estimating a Population Mean.............................................................................85
Section 7-3: Estimating a Population Standard Deviation or Variance...................................89
VE
Section 7-4: Bootstrapping: Using Technology for Estimates ................................................92
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................94
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................94
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................96
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing IE
Section 8-1: Basics of Hypothesis Testing ..............................................................................97
H
Section 8-2: Testing a Claim About a Proportion....................................................................99
Section 8-3: Testing a Claim About a Mean..........................................................................104
AC
Section 8-4: Testing a Claim About a Standard Deviation or Variance ................................108
Chapter Quick Quiz ...............................................................................................................110
Review Exercises ...................................................................................................................111
Cumulative Review Exercises ...............................................................................................112
M
Chapter 9: Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
Section 9-1: Two Proportions ................................................................................................115
EA
Section 9-2: Two Means: Independent Samples....................................................................124
Section 9-3: Two Dependent Samples (Matched Pairs) ........................................................130
Section 9-4: Two Variances or Standard Deviations.............................................................134
Chapter Quick Quiz ...............................................................................................................136
R
Review Exercises ...................................................................................................................137
Cumulative Review Exercises ...............................................................................................138
D
Chapter 10: Correlation and Regression
Section 10-1: Correlation.......................................................................................................141
Section 10-2: Regression .......................................................................................................148
Section 10-3: Prediction Intervals and Variation...................................................................156
Section 10-4: Multiple Regression.........................................................................................159
Section 10-5: Dummy Variables and Logistic Regression ....................................................161
Chapter Quick Quiz ...............................................................................................................162
Review Exercises ...................................................................................................................162
Cumulative Review Exercises ...............................................................................................164
