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Francis Galton The first person to propose the use of fingerprints for identifying
criminals.
Basic fingerprint pattern types The four main types of fingerprint patterns: delta, whorl,
loop, and arch.
Friction skin Skin on the fingers and palms that lacks pigmentation, hair, and sebaceous
glands, and has a high density of sweat glands.
Partial fingerprints Noncontinuous fingerprints that cannot be joined together to create a
complete sequence.
Reverse Impression A fingerprint formed by the removal of material from a surface.
ACE-V An acronym for the fingerprint examination process, which involves Analysis,
Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification.
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Definitive fingerprint patterns Fingerprint patterns that are fully formed by the time an
individual reaches puberty.
Level 1 Friction Ridge Detail(s) The first-level detail in friction ridge patterns, which
cannot be used for identification purposes.
Identification of a suspect via fingerprints A subjective process based on the examiner's
knowledge, skill, experience, and training.
Tread pattern analysis The analysis of footwear tread patterns to determine information
such as shoe type, sequence of events, and shoe size.
2D footwear impression A footwear impression that lacks significant depth, even if made
in a substance like blood.
DNA sample from an offender A sample of DNA taken from an individual who has been
charged with a violent criminal offense.