,Table Of Contents:
1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
I STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS
2. Water, the Solvent of Life
3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
5. Protein Function
6. Enzymes
7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
9. DNA-Based Information Technologies
10. Lipids
11. Biological Membranes and Transport
12. Biochemical Signaling
II BIOENERGETICS AND METABOLISM
13. Introduction to Metabolism
14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
15. The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals
16. The Citric Acid Cycle
17. Fatty Acid Catabolism
18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
19. Oxidative Phosphorylation
20. Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Synthesis in Plants
21. Lipid Biosynthesis
22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules
23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
III INFORMATION PATHWAYS
24. Genes and Chromosomes
25. DNA Metabolism
26. RNA Metabolism
27. Protein Metabolism
28. Regulation of Gene Expression
,1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
t t t t t t t t
A) cell envelope. t
B) cell membrane. t
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
t t t t t t t t t t t t
development of: t
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability. t
C) plasma membranes. t
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus. t
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
t t t t t t t t t t t
A) cell membrane. t
B) nuclear envelope. t
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
diameters in the range of:
t t t t t
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
ttt t t t t
B) 0.3 m to 30 m. t t t t
C) 0.3 m to 100 m. t t t t
D) 1 m to 100 m.
ttt t t t t
E) 1 m to 300 m. t t t t
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
t t t t t t t t t t
extreme environments? t
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct. t t t t t
Page 1 t
, 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energyóit is
t t t t t t t t t t t t
therefore a: t
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
t t t t t
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum t t t
B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane t t t
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes t t
D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes t t t
E) All of the answers are correct.
t t t t t
8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
t t t t t t t t t t t
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
t t t t t t t
B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
t t t t t t t
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
t t t t t t t
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
t t t t t t t
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
t t t t t t t
9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
t t t t t t t t t
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a
t t t tt t t t t t t t t
noncovalent interaction? t
A) carbon-carbon bonds t
B) hydrogen bonds t
C) hydrophobic interactions t
D) ionic interactions t
E) van der Waals interactions
t t t
10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?
t t t t t t t t t t t
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page 2 t
1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
I STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS
2. Water, the Solvent of Life
3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
5. Protein Function
6. Enzymes
7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
9. DNA-Based Information Technologies
10. Lipids
11. Biological Membranes and Transport
12. Biochemical Signaling
II BIOENERGETICS AND METABOLISM
13. Introduction to Metabolism
14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
15. The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals
16. The Citric Acid Cycle
17. Fatty Acid Catabolism
18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
19. Oxidative Phosphorylation
20. Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Synthesis in Plants
21. Lipid Biosynthesis
22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules
23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
III INFORMATION PATHWAYS
24. Genes and Chromosomes
25. DNA Metabolism
26. RNA Metabolism
27. Protein Metabolism
28. Regulation of Gene Expression
,1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
t t t t t t t t
A) cell envelope. t
B) cell membrane. t
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
t t t t t t t t t t t t
development of: t
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability. t
C) plasma membranes. t
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus. t
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
t t t t t t t t t t t
A) cell membrane. t
B) nuclear envelope. t
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
diameters in the range of:
t t t t t
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
ttt t t t t
B) 0.3 m to 30 m. t t t t
C) 0.3 m to 100 m. t t t t
D) 1 m to 100 m.
ttt t t t t
E) 1 m to 300 m. t t t t
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
t t t t t t t t t t
extreme environments? t
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct. t t t t t
Page 1 t
, 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energyóit is
t t t t t t t t t t t t
therefore a: t
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
t t t t t
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum t t t
B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane t t t
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes t t
D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes t t t
E) All of the answers are correct.
t t t t t
8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
t t t t t t t t t t t
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
t t t t t t t
B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
t t t t t t t
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
t t t t t t t
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
t t t t t t t
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
t t t t t t t
9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
t t t t t t t t t
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a
t t t tt t t t t t t t t
noncovalent interaction? t
A) carbon-carbon bonds t
B) hydrogen bonds t
C) hydrophobic interactions t
D) ionic interactions t
E) van der Waals interactions
t t t
10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?
t t t t t t t t t t t
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page 2 t
