direct icalorimetry i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- imeasure iof ienergy iutilisation ithat iuses iheat iproduction
indirect icalorimetry i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- imeasure iof ienergy iutilisation ithat iuses irespiratory igas
iexchange
doubly ilabelled iwater i(stable iisotopes) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- igold-standard imeasure ito iestimate
idaily ienergy iuse ithat iuses ithe irate iof iwater iexcretion ito iindicate ienergy imetabolism
athletes i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- i_____________ ihave i5-20% igreater iRMR ithan isedentary
iindividuals i(even iafter iadjusting ifor iFFM)
low iintensity iexercise i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithere iis ilittle i(if iany) ilong ilasting iincrease iin iRMR
iafter....
lost, igained i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iif iin ienergy ibalance iwith ilarge iamounts iof iexercise, ifat ican
ibe i__________ iwhile ilean imass iis i____________
lean imass i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iif iin inegative ienergy ibalance, iexercise istill ihelps ito imaintain
i_________ i_________
phosphorylase i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithis ican icome iin iactive iand iinactive iform i- ithe iactive iform
isplits ithe iglucose ioff iglycogen iso ithat iwe ican istart imetabolising ithem iin iour imuscle
catecholamines i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- i_______________ iincrease iduring iexercise iand iactivate
iphosphorylase i+ iCa2+ irelease iduring iexercise
,aerobic, ianaerobic i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ifitter ipeople iare iable ito iuse itheir i_____________
isystem iat ilower iintensities, iand itheir i_____________ ithreshold iis itriggered iat ia ihigher irelative
iintensity
lower i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iuntrained iindividuals iwill ihave i___________ ianaerobic ithresholds,
ithus iwill inot ibe iusing itheir iaerobic isystem iand ioxidising ifat ifor ivery ilong
NAD+ i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iglycolysis ineeds i___________ ito iproceed
accumulate, ipyruvate, ilactate i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iif ithe iETC icannot ikeep iup iwith ithe
ireformation iof iNAD, ithen iNADH iwill istart ito i______________ iand ithe ionly iother iway ithat iNAD
ican ibe ireformed iis ithrough ithe iconversion iof i_____________ ito i____________
lactate i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- i____________ idoesn't irequire ioxygen ifor iit ito ibe ireduced
increases i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithe ireduction iof ipyruvic iacid ito ilactic iacid i______________ iwith
iincreasing ienergy idemands
diffuse, ioxidised, iaerobic i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- isome ilactate iwill i_____________ iout iof ithe
imuscle iand iinto ithe iblood iultimately ito ibe i_____________ iat ia isite iwhere ienergy idemand iis
ilow iand icapacity ifor i______________ imetabolism iis ihigh
lactate i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iother itissues i(other ithan imuscle) ican iuse ithe i______________ iand
iconvert iit iback ito ipyruvate ito ithen ioxidise ithis
glucose i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithe itransport iof ilactic iacid iaround ithe ibody iacts ias ia ishuttle ifor
imoving i_____________ iaround ithe ibody ifor ienergy
intensity, ianaerobic i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iexercise i_____________ iand i_______________
imetabolism iare iroutinely iquantified ifrom ilactate iconcentration iin ithe iblood iduring iand
iimmediately iafter iexercise
glycogenolysis i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iglycolysis iis ioften ipreceded iby i________________
,liver i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ias iyour iblood iglucose ibecomes idepleted iwith iexercise, ithe
i___________ iglycogen istarts iplaying ia igreater irole
muscle i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iglycogen iin ithe i____________ iis ithe ifirst iport iof icall iduring
iexercise
adipose itissue iand iskeletal imuscle i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- itwo imain iplaces ithat ifat icomes ifrom
intramuscular itriglycerides/myocellular itriglycerides i(IMTGs) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- istore iof ifat ithis
iis ifound iwithin iskeletal imuscle
adipose itissue i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- icontained iloose iconnective itissue icomposed iof iadipocytes
iand imain irole iis ito istore ienergy iin ithe iform iof ifat
IMTGs i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- itrained iindividuals iare iable ito istore imore i____________ i(but ithis
istore iis ilimited)
adipose itissue i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- isupply iof ilipids iwithin iour i____________ i___________ iis
imuch ilarger ithan ithe iIMTG isupply
hormone isensitive ilipase i(HSL) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ihormone ithat ienables ithe irelease iand
imobilisation iof iFAs ifrom itissues iby isplitting ithe iFFAs ioff ifrom ithe iglycerol i(does ithis iin iAT iand
imuscle)
lipoprotein ilipase i(LPL) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ihormone iused ito imobilise iFFAs ifrom iTGs ithat iare
iin ithe ibloodstream ifrom ieating ior ifrom iliver
insulin i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ihormone ithat iinhibits iHSL iactivity iso iinhibits irelease iof iFFAs ifrom
itriglycerides iin ithe ibody
binding i(FABP) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iFFA iuse i_____________ iproteins ito iget iinto imuscle icells
ifrom ithe ibloodstream
, positive, iHSL, i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- icatecholamines, iglucagon iand icortisol iall ihave ia
i____________ ieffect iin istimulating i_________ ienzyme iactivity
catecholamines i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithese inot ionly ieffect ithe ibreakdown iof itriglycerides
idirectly ivia istimulation iof iHSL ibut ialso ieffect iit iindirectly iby iinhibiting ithe irelease iof iinsulin
ifrom ithe ipancreas
contraction, iinsulin i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- imuscle i____________ istimulates ithe iuptake iof igluc
iinto imuscle, iindependent iof i_____________
stored, iavailable i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iintegration iof ifat iand iCHO imetabolism iis idetermined iby
ihow imuch iis i__________ iand ihow imuch iis i_______________
inhibit i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ihigh iFA iconcentration iin iblood istream ican i____________ igluc
itransport
OAA i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ifats ineed i_________ ifrom i(CHO) ito iform icitrate iand ienter ithe
iKrebbs icycle i(therefore ifat iburns iin iCHO iflame).
ketone iformation i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ioccurs iwhen iglucose iis ilow iand ifatty iacids iare ihigh i(i.e.
iwith istarvation ior ilong-lasting iexercise).
OAA, iFFA, iketone i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iif iwe idont ihave ienough i_________ ibeing iproduced ior
itoo imuch i________ ibeing iconverted ito iacetyl-CoA, ithen ithe ialternative ipathway iof
i____________ iformation ibegins
FFAs, iliver i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iketone iformation iis icaused iwhen i_________ iin ibloodstream
istarts ito ibuild iup iand iare iexposed ito ithe i___________ iat ia ifaster irate ithan iother iorgans ican
ioxidise ithem
inhibit i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iketone ibodies i___________ ithe irelease iof iHSL i(like iinsulin idoes)
iwhich islows idown ithe irelease iof iFFA ifrom iAT ithus idecreasing i*FFA+ iin ithe ibloodstream
indirect icalorimetry i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- imeasure iof ienergy iutilisation ithat iuses irespiratory igas
iexchange
doubly ilabelled iwater i(stable iisotopes) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- igold-standard imeasure ito iestimate
idaily ienergy iuse ithat iuses ithe irate iof iwater iexcretion ito iindicate ienergy imetabolism
athletes i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- i_____________ ihave i5-20% igreater iRMR ithan isedentary
iindividuals i(even iafter iadjusting ifor iFFM)
low iintensity iexercise i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithere iis ilittle i(if iany) ilong ilasting iincrease iin iRMR
iafter....
lost, igained i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iif iin ienergy ibalance iwith ilarge iamounts iof iexercise, ifat ican
ibe i__________ iwhile ilean imass iis i____________
lean imass i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iif iin inegative ienergy ibalance, iexercise istill ihelps ito imaintain
i_________ i_________
phosphorylase i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithis ican icome iin iactive iand iinactive iform i- ithe iactive iform
isplits ithe iglucose ioff iglycogen iso ithat iwe ican istart imetabolising ithem iin iour imuscle
catecholamines i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- i_______________ iincrease iduring iexercise iand iactivate
iphosphorylase i+ iCa2+ irelease iduring iexercise
,aerobic, ianaerobic i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ifitter ipeople iare iable ito iuse itheir i_____________
isystem iat ilower iintensities, iand itheir i_____________ ithreshold iis itriggered iat ia ihigher irelative
iintensity
lower i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iuntrained iindividuals iwill ihave i___________ ianaerobic ithresholds,
ithus iwill inot ibe iusing itheir iaerobic isystem iand ioxidising ifat ifor ivery ilong
NAD+ i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iglycolysis ineeds i___________ ito iproceed
accumulate, ipyruvate, ilactate i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iif ithe iETC icannot ikeep iup iwith ithe
ireformation iof iNAD, ithen iNADH iwill istart ito i______________ iand ithe ionly iother iway ithat iNAD
ican ibe ireformed iis ithrough ithe iconversion iof i_____________ ito i____________
lactate i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- i____________ idoesn't irequire ioxygen ifor iit ito ibe ireduced
increases i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithe ireduction iof ipyruvic iacid ito ilactic iacid i______________ iwith
iincreasing ienergy idemands
diffuse, ioxidised, iaerobic i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- isome ilactate iwill i_____________ iout iof ithe
imuscle iand iinto ithe iblood iultimately ito ibe i_____________ iat ia isite iwhere ienergy idemand iis
ilow iand icapacity ifor i______________ imetabolism iis ihigh
lactate i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iother itissues i(other ithan imuscle) ican iuse ithe i______________ iand
iconvert iit iback ito ipyruvate ito ithen ioxidise ithis
glucose i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithe itransport iof ilactic iacid iaround ithe ibody iacts ias ia ishuttle ifor
imoving i_____________ iaround ithe ibody ifor ienergy
intensity, ianaerobic i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iexercise i_____________ iand i_______________
imetabolism iare iroutinely iquantified ifrom ilactate iconcentration iin ithe iblood iduring iand
iimmediately iafter iexercise
glycogenolysis i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iglycolysis iis ioften ipreceded iby i________________
,liver i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ias iyour iblood iglucose ibecomes idepleted iwith iexercise, ithe
i___________ iglycogen istarts iplaying ia igreater irole
muscle i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iglycogen iin ithe i____________ iis ithe ifirst iport iof icall iduring
iexercise
adipose itissue iand iskeletal imuscle i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- itwo imain iplaces ithat ifat icomes ifrom
intramuscular itriglycerides/myocellular itriglycerides i(IMTGs) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- istore iof ifat ithis
iis ifound iwithin iskeletal imuscle
adipose itissue i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- icontained iloose iconnective itissue icomposed iof iadipocytes
iand imain irole iis ito istore ienergy iin ithe iform iof ifat
IMTGs i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- itrained iindividuals iare iable ito istore imore i____________ i(but ithis
istore iis ilimited)
adipose itissue i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- isupply iof ilipids iwithin iour i____________ i___________ iis
imuch ilarger ithan ithe iIMTG isupply
hormone isensitive ilipase i(HSL) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ihormone ithat ienables ithe irelease iand
imobilisation iof iFAs ifrom itissues iby isplitting ithe iFFAs ioff ifrom ithe iglycerol i(does ithis iin iAT iand
imuscle)
lipoprotein ilipase i(LPL) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ihormone iused ito imobilise iFFAs ifrom iTGs ithat iare
iin ithe ibloodstream ifrom ieating ior ifrom iliver
insulin i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ihormone ithat iinhibits iHSL iactivity iso iinhibits irelease iof iFFAs ifrom
itriglycerides iin ithe ibody
binding i(FABP) i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iFFA iuse i_____________ iproteins ito iget iinto imuscle icells
ifrom ithe ibloodstream
, positive, iHSL, i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- icatecholamines, iglucagon iand icortisol iall ihave ia
i____________ ieffect iin istimulating i_________ ienzyme iactivity
catecholamines i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ithese inot ionly ieffect ithe ibreakdown iof itriglycerides
idirectly ivia istimulation iof iHSL ibut ialso ieffect iit iindirectly iby iinhibiting ithe irelease iof iinsulin
ifrom ithe ipancreas
contraction, iinsulin i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- imuscle i____________ istimulates ithe iuptake iof igluc
iinto imuscle, iindependent iof i_____________
stored, iavailable i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iintegration iof ifat iand iCHO imetabolism iis idetermined iby
ihow imuch iis i__________ iand ihow imuch iis i_______________
inhibit i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ihigh iFA iconcentration iin iblood istream ican i____________ igluc
itransport
OAA i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ifats ineed i_________ ifrom i(CHO) ito iform icitrate iand ienter ithe
iKrebbs icycle i(therefore ifat iburns iin iCHO iflame).
ketone iformation i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- ioccurs iwhen iglucose iis ilow iand ifatty iacids iare ihigh i(i.e.
iwith istarvation ior ilong-lasting iexercise).
OAA, iFFA, iketone i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iif iwe idont ihave ienough i_________ ibeing iproduced ior
itoo imuch i________ ibeing iconverted ito iacetyl-CoA, ithen ithe ialternative ipathway iof
i____________ iformation ibegins
FFAs, iliver i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iketone iformation iis icaused iwhen i_________ iin ibloodstream
istarts ito ibuild iup iand iare iexposed ito ithe i___________ iat ia ifaster irate ithan iother iorgans ican
ioxidise ithem
inhibit i- iCORRECT iANSWER i- iketone ibodies i___________ ithe irelease iof iHSL i(like iinsulin idoes)
iwhich islows idown ithe irelease iof iFFA ifrom iAT ithus idecreasing i*FFA+ iin ithe ibloodstream
