Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 2, The Cell
and its Processes, ALL Exercises,
Questions, Answers, Explanations,
Definitions, & Key Points Graded A+
Lesson 2 - Exercise: Cell Types and Organization - ✔✔Section 1 -
Exercise: 18 Questions
1. A specialized structure within a cell that has its own specific function is
known as a/an _______. - ✔✔organelle
2. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is known for the _______ that adhere
to it and help to produce proteins. - ✔✔ribosomes
3. Cellular DNA is stored in the _______, an organelle that also acts as the
brain of the cell and directs all cellular activity. - ✔✔nucleus
4. The _______ kingdom, one of the six kingdoms of life, is known for its
ability to survive in extreme environments. - ✔✔Archaea
,5. The plasma membrane found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is
composed of a/an _______, which is semipermeable and controls the flow
of molecules into and out of the cell. - ✔✔phospholipid bilayer
6. Whereas lysosomes are primarily involved with the breakdown of
proteins and polysaccharides, _______ are involved in lipid and fat
breakdown. - ✔✔peroxisomes
7. Write a paragraph describing the primary differences between plant and
animal cells. Be sure to include a discussion of the various organelles
specific to each cell and how they differ between plant and animal cells. -
✔✔The primary differences between animal and plant cells concern the
types of organelles present within them. Although these cell types are
similar in that they're both eukaryotes, plant cells have several structures
not present in animal cells: chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and cell walls.
(DO NOT COPY ANSWER WORD FOR WORD)
8. Nucleus - ✔✔g. The director of cellular activities, this organelle acts as
the brain of the cell.
9. Vacuole - ✔✔a. The structure involved in water retention and storage of
nutrients and waste; most prominent in plant cells
,10. Lysosome - ✔✔i. The organelle primarily responsible for protein,
polysaccharide, and nucleic acid breakdown
11. Peroxisome - ✔✔h. The organelle primarily responsible for lipid
breakdown
12. Cell wall - ✔✔f. The structural layer surrounding the outside of certain
cells that helps provide support and protection for internal cell structures
13. Peptidoglycan - ✔✔k. The substance found in cell walls, primarily
composed of sugars and proteins
14. Mitochondria - ✔✔e. The powerhouse of the cell, this organelle is
involved in energy production.
15. Chloroplast - ✔✔d. The organelle responsible for transforming sunlight
into chemical energy for the cell
16. Golgi bodies - ✔✔j. The organelle that assists with early protein
production and performs a packaging function for cellular products
17. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔c. The organelle primarily
responsible for lipid production; can also assist with detoxification functions
18. Rough endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔b. The organelle primarily
responsible for early stage protein production that's studded with
ribosomes
, Lesson 2 - Flashcards: 30/110 - ✔✔Section 1 - Vocabulary: 30 Terms
Cellular Theories - ✔✔A set of defining principles that describes the
characteristics of cells
Prokaryotic Cells - ✔✔Defined by their comparative lack of internal division
and organization
Eukaryotic Cells - ✔✔Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus,
membrane-bound organelles, and multiple rod-shaped chromosomes
where DNA is stored
Unicellular Organism - ✔✔An organism consisting of a single cell
Multicellular Organism - ✔✔An organism consisting of multiple cells
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔The microscopic membrane composed of fats and
proteins that forms the external boundary of the cell
Organelle - ✔✔A specialized cellular structure that has a specific function
within the cell
Nucleus - ✔✔A highly specialized organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves
as the information-processing center and administrative director of cellular
activities
Nucleoid - ✔✔The irregularly-shaped region within prokaryotes that
contains most of the genetic material of the cell
and its Processes, ALL Exercises,
Questions, Answers, Explanations,
Definitions, & Key Points Graded A+
Lesson 2 - Exercise: Cell Types and Organization - ✔✔Section 1 -
Exercise: 18 Questions
1. A specialized structure within a cell that has its own specific function is
known as a/an _______. - ✔✔organelle
2. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is known for the _______ that adhere
to it and help to produce proteins. - ✔✔ribosomes
3. Cellular DNA is stored in the _______, an organelle that also acts as the
brain of the cell and directs all cellular activity. - ✔✔nucleus
4. The _______ kingdom, one of the six kingdoms of life, is known for its
ability to survive in extreme environments. - ✔✔Archaea
,5. The plasma membrane found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is
composed of a/an _______, which is semipermeable and controls the flow
of molecules into and out of the cell. - ✔✔phospholipid bilayer
6. Whereas lysosomes are primarily involved with the breakdown of
proteins and polysaccharides, _______ are involved in lipid and fat
breakdown. - ✔✔peroxisomes
7. Write a paragraph describing the primary differences between plant and
animal cells. Be sure to include a discussion of the various organelles
specific to each cell and how they differ between plant and animal cells. -
✔✔The primary differences between animal and plant cells concern the
types of organelles present within them. Although these cell types are
similar in that they're both eukaryotes, plant cells have several structures
not present in animal cells: chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and cell walls.
(DO NOT COPY ANSWER WORD FOR WORD)
8. Nucleus - ✔✔g. The director of cellular activities, this organelle acts as
the brain of the cell.
9. Vacuole - ✔✔a. The structure involved in water retention and storage of
nutrients and waste; most prominent in plant cells
,10. Lysosome - ✔✔i. The organelle primarily responsible for protein,
polysaccharide, and nucleic acid breakdown
11. Peroxisome - ✔✔h. The organelle primarily responsible for lipid
breakdown
12. Cell wall - ✔✔f. The structural layer surrounding the outside of certain
cells that helps provide support and protection for internal cell structures
13. Peptidoglycan - ✔✔k. The substance found in cell walls, primarily
composed of sugars and proteins
14. Mitochondria - ✔✔e. The powerhouse of the cell, this organelle is
involved in energy production.
15. Chloroplast - ✔✔d. The organelle responsible for transforming sunlight
into chemical energy for the cell
16. Golgi bodies - ✔✔j. The organelle that assists with early protein
production and performs a packaging function for cellular products
17. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔c. The organelle primarily
responsible for lipid production; can also assist with detoxification functions
18. Rough endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔b. The organelle primarily
responsible for early stage protein production that's studded with
ribosomes
, Lesson 2 - Flashcards: 30/110 - ✔✔Section 1 - Vocabulary: 30 Terms
Cellular Theories - ✔✔A set of defining principles that describes the
characteristics of cells
Prokaryotic Cells - ✔✔Defined by their comparative lack of internal division
and organization
Eukaryotic Cells - ✔✔Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus,
membrane-bound organelles, and multiple rod-shaped chromosomes
where DNA is stored
Unicellular Organism - ✔✔An organism consisting of a single cell
Multicellular Organism - ✔✔An organism consisting of multiple cells
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔The microscopic membrane composed of fats and
proteins that forms the external boundary of the cell
Organelle - ✔✔A specialized cellular structure that has a specific function
within the cell
Nucleus - ✔✔A highly specialized organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves
as the information-processing center and administrative director of cellular
activities
Nucleoid - ✔✔The irregularly-shaped region within prokaryotes that
contains most of the genetic material of the cell
