General Chemistry II (CHEM113) ACS Final Exam Questions and Answers | 100% Pass

General Chemistry II (CHEM113) ACS Final Exam Questions and Answers | 100% Pass The two states that are collectively known as the condensed states are _______. - ️️ Correct-solid and liquid The attractive forces that exist between all molecules and atoms, and are the forces that hold many solids and liquids together - ️️ Correct-intermolecular forces Intermolecular forces are only significant at _____. - ️️ Correct-short distances The state of a sample of matter is determined by the magnitude of __________. - ️️ Correct-the intermolecular forces present Gases have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ____ volume. These qualities are due to ____ intermolecular forces. - ️️ Correct-low, indefinite, indefinite. weak Liquids have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ___ volume. These qualities are due to ___ intermolecular forces. - ️️ Correct-high, indefinite, definite moderate Solids have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ___ volume. These qualities are due to ___ intermolecular forces. - ️️ Correct-hihgh, definite, definite strong TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 2/34 Solids can be ___ or ___. - ️️ Correct-Crystalline or amorphous Amorphous solids are composed of atoms or molecules that exhibit ___. - ️️ Correct- no long range order Crystalline solids are composed of atoms or molecules that exhibit ___. - ️️ Correct- definite order in a three dimensional array What two things can be changed in order to transform one state of matter to another? - ️️ Correct-Temperature and pressure In general, increases in pressure favor the ___ state. - ️️ Correct-Denser Intermolecular forces originate from - ️️ Correct-the interactions between charges, partial charges, and temporary charges on molecules (or atoms and ions) _____ Law states that the potential energy (E) of two oppositely charged particles with charges q₁ and q₂ decreases (becomes more negative) with increasing magnitude of charge and decreasing distance between the two particles - ️️ Correct-Coulomb's Equation of Coulomb's Law is - ️️ Correct-E = (1/4 πε)(q₁q₂/r) Why are intermolecular forces much weaker than bonding forces? - ️️ Correct-Bonding forces are result of largue charges on protons and electrons interacting at very close distances, and intermolecular forces are the result of smaller charges interacting at greater distances What are the four main types on intermolecular forces? - ️️ Correct-Dispersion, dipole- dipole, H+ bonding, and ion-dipole TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 3/34 Dispersion forces are the result of ___. - ️️ Correct-fluctuations in the electron distribution within molecules or atoms which induces a temporary (or instantaneous) dipole Dispersion forces are exhibited by ___ and increase with ___. - ️️ Correct- atoms/molecules increasing mass The magnitude of dispersion forces depends on how easily the electrons can ___. - ️️ Correct-move or polarize in response to an instantaneous dipole A larger atom exhibits greater dispersion forces because - ️️ Correct-the electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus and therefore polarize more easily Dispersion forces are directly related to not only mass but ___. This is due to the molecules ability to ___. - ️️ Correct-shape stack efficiently Dipole-dipole forces exist in all ___. - ️️ Correct-Polar molecules Dipole-dipole forces are due to the effects of a molecule's ___, which is due to ___. - ️️ Correct-permanent dipole a molecule's partially positive and partial negative ends Polarity of molecules determines their miscibility of liquids. What is miscibility? - ️️ Correct-the ability to mix wihtout separating into two states TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 4/34 In general polar liquids are miscible with ____, but are not miscible with ____. - ️️ Correct-polar nonpolar Hydrogen bonding exists in all ___. - ️️ Correct-molecules containing a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine Hydrogen bonding is due to - ️️ Correct-the large electronegativity differences between the H+ and -F, -O, -N A typical hydrogen "bond", despite it being the strongest intermolecular force, is only about ____ as strong as a covalent chemical bond. - ️️ Correct-2-5% Ion-dipole forces occur when - ️️ Correct-an ionic compound is mixed with a polar compound Ion-dipole are even stronger than ___ and are responsible for ___. - ️️ Correct-H+ bonding ability of ionic substances to form solutions with water What are the three important manifestations in liquids that are due to intermolecular forces? - ️️ Correct-Surface tension Viscosity Capillary action Surface tension is - ️️ Correct-the tendency for liquids to minimize their surface area TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 5/34 Surface tension by definition is the - ️️ Correct-energy required to increase the surface area by a unit amount As intermolecular forces decrease, surface tension ___. - ️️ Correct-decreases Viscosity is - ️️ Correct-the resistance of a liquid to flow. Viscosity is measured in a unit called the ___ and this unit is defined as ___. - ️️ Correct-poise (P) 1 g/cm*s The viscosity of water at room temperature is approximately - ️️ Correct-1 cP As intermolecular forces increase, viscosity ___. - ️️ Correct-increases Viscosity also depends on temperature because - ️️ Correct-thermal energy overcomes the intermolecular forces, allowing molecules to flow pa