Test Bank For Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 16th
Edition By Bryan Derrickson, Gerald Tortora 200 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS $ RATIONALES 2024
Question 1
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale:
The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it is responsible for
producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, which provides energy for
various cellular functions.
Question 2
Which type of tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in the body?
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue
Rationale:
Nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in the body. It includes
neurons, which carry signals to and from different parts of the body, and supporting cells called
glial cells.
Question 3
What is the primary role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
A) To filter air
B) To exchange gases
C) To produce mucus
D) To warm the air
Rationale:
The primary role of the alveoli is to exchange gases. They are tiny air sacs in the lungs where
oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.
,Question 4
Which type of joint allows for the most movement in the human body?
A) Hinge joint
B) Pivot joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
D) Saddle joint
Rationale:
The ball-and-socket joint allows for the most movement in the human body. It provides a wide
range of motion in multiple directions, such as in the shoulder and hip joints.
Question 5
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
Rationale:
Insulin is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. It helps cells take in glucose
from the bloodstream, thereby lowering blood sugar levels and maintaining homeostasis.
Question 6
What is the main function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Absorption of water and electrolytes
D) Production of bile
Rationale:
The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the remaining
indigestible food matter, turning it into feces for excretion.
Question 7
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Capillaries
D) Venules
, Rationale:
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various tissues and organs in the body.
The exception is the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Question 8
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
A) To transport nutrients and gases
B) To regulate body temperature
C) To produce and release hormones
D) To support and protect body structures
Rationale:
The primary function of the endocrine system is to produce and release hormones. These
hormones regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Question 9
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and
balance?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Thalamus
Rationale:
The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance. It
ensures smooth and precise motor activities.
Question 10
Which structure in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Ribosome
D) Peroxisome
Rationale:
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They read mRNA sequences and assemble
amino acids into proteins.
Question 11
Which muscle group is primarily involved in extending the arm at the elbow?
A) Biceps brachii
B) Triceps brachii
Edition By Bryan Derrickson, Gerald Tortora 200 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS $ RATIONALES 2024
Question 1
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale:
The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it is responsible for
producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, which provides energy for
various cellular functions.
Question 2
Which type of tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in the body?
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue
Rationale:
Nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in the body. It includes
neurons, which carry signals to and from different parts of the body, and supporting cells called
glial cells.
Question 3
What is the primary role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
A) To filter air
B) To exchange gases
C) To produce mucus
D) To warm the air
Rationale:
The primary role of the alveoli is to exchange gases. They are tiny air sacs in the lungs where
oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.
,Question 4
Which type of joint allows for the most movement in the human body?
A) Hinge joint
B) Pivot joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
D) Saddle joint
Rationale:
The ball-and-socket joint allows for the most movement in the human body. It provides a wide
range of motion in multiple directions, such as in the shoulder and hip joints.
Question 5
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
Rationale:
Insulin is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. It helps cells take in glucose
from the bloodstream, thereby lowering blood sugar levels and maintaining homeostasis.
Question 6
What is the main function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Absorption of water and electrolytes
D) Production of bile
Rationale:
The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the remaining
indigestible food matter, turning it into feces for excretion.
Question 7
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Capillaries
D) Venules
, Rationale:
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various tissues and organs in the body.
The exception is the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Question 8
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
A) To transport nutrients and gases
B) To regulate body temperature
C) To produce and release hormones
D) To support and protect body structures
Rationale:
The primary function of the endocrine system is to produce and release hormones. These
hormones regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Question 9
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and
balance?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Thalamus
Rationale:
The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance. It
ensures smooth and precise motor activities.
Question 10
Which structure in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Ribosome
D) Peroxisome
Rationale:
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They read mRNA sequences and assemble
amino acids into proteins.
Question 11
Which muscle group is primarily involved in extending the arm at the elbow?
A) Biceps brachii
B) Triceps brachii
