NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
NEWEST 2025 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | A+
GRADE RASMUSSEN
What is homeostasis? Correct Answer a state of
equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance and
the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
What is allostasis? Correct Answer ability to successfully
adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to
adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower
ones body temp.
Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Correct
Answer alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome
Correct Answer Where the sympathetic nervous system is
activated due to stress. Fight or Flight responses are
activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee or
fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital
organs in this stage to give the organs energy to work.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome
Correct Answer the activity of the Parasympathetic
Nervous system and the endocrine system to return the
body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately adapt to
the stressor.
,Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation
syndrome Correct Answer Occurs when the stressor is not
removed or overcome in the body. The body can no longer
return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to
stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged
that can lead to disease or death.
What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved
from general adaptation syndrome? Correct Answer
disease can occur physically and mentally, such as
anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, infection, and
heart disease.
Name the hormones released during alarm stage of
general adaptation syndrome Correct Answer
Corticotrophin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic
hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and
epinephrine) and cortisol
Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in
alarm stage Correct Answer activates the sympathetic
nervous system and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Explain the role of norepinephrine during alarm stage
Correct Answer helps to slow down certain organs such as
the GI and GU systems to prepare the body for fight or
flight.
Explain the role of epinephrine during alarm stage Correct
Answer Stimulates the fight or flight response by
,increasing heart rate, bronchodilation of the lungs to
increase respirations and amount of air let in, dilates
pupils to let more light in, stimulates more glucose to be
released.
Explain the role of cortisol during alarm stage Correct
Answer released by ACTH reaching the adrenal cortex,
this allows for more energy creation to increase glucose
and to reduce inflammation. Suppresses the immune
system.
Explain the symptoms of a sympathetic nervous system
response Correct Answer Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited,
increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased
respirations, glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
Explain the symptoms of a parasympathetic nervous
system response Correct Answer Pupils constrict,
salivation occurs, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction,
decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action.
role of nucleus Correct Answer control center of the cell,
where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to
help build body proteins. Can have 1 or more (liver cells),
or none (RBCs).
role of mitochondria Correct Answer Powerhouse of the
cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA.
Role of ribosome Correct Answer produces RNA to
produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and
, translation of RNA into a protein. Can be floating or
attached to the Rough ER.
Role of lysosomes Correct Answer helps breakdown and
digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues.
Role of rough ER Correct Answer folded membranes that
move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to
it and helps produce proteins for the cell membranes.
role of smooth ER Correct Answer ribosomes not attached
to smooth ER, helps in the Liver and kidney cells to
detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and
calcium storage.
Role of peroxisome Correct Answer membrane cells that
contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful
chemicals, breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter
metabolic wastes.
Role of Golgi body Correct Answer stacked membranes
that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the
ER. Helps move things in and out of cell.
Where is extracellular fluid found? Correct Answer outside
the cell
Where is ECF located in the body? Correct Answer found
in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid,
and the GI secretions.
NEWEST 2025 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | A+
GRADE RASMUSSEN
What is homeostasis? Correct Answer a state of
equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance and
the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
What is allostasis? Correct Answer ability to successfully
adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to
adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower
ones body temp.
Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Correct
Answer alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome
Correct Answer Where the sympathetic nervous system is
activated due to stress. Fight or Flight responses are
activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee or
fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital
organs in this stage to give the organs energy to work.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome
Correct Answer the activity of the Parasympathetic
Nervous system and the endocrine system to return the
body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately adapt to
the stressor.
,Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation
syndrome Correct Answer Occurs when the stressor is not
removed or overcome in the body. The body can no longer
return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to
stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged
that can lead to disease or death.
What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved
from general adaptation syndrome? Correct Answer
disease can occur physically and mentally, such as
anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, infection, and
heart disease.
Name the hormones released during alarm stage of
general adaptation syndrome Correct Answer
Corticotrophin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic
hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and
epinephrine) and cortisol
Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in
alarm stage Correct Answer activates the sympathetic
nervous system and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Explain the role of norepinephrine during alarm stage
Correct Answer helps to slow down certain organs such as
the GI and GU systems to prepare the body for fight or
flight.
Explain the role of epinephrine during alarm stage Correct
Answer Stimulates the fight or flight response by
,increasing heart rate, bronchodilation of the lungs to
increase respirations and amount of air let in, dilates
pupils to let more light in, stimulates more glucose to be
released.
Explain the role of cortisol during alarm stage Correct
Answer released by ACTH reaching the adrenal cortex,
this allows for more energy creation to increase glucose
and to reduce inflammation. Suppresses the immune
system.
Explain the symptoms of a sympathetic nervous system
response Correct Answer Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited,
increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased
respirations, glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
Explain the symptoms of a parasympathetic nervous
system response Correct Answer Pupils constrict,
salivation occurs, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction,
decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action.
role of nucleus Correct Answer control center of the cell,
where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to
help build body proteins. Can have 1 or more (liver cells),
or none (RBCs).
role of mitochondria Correct Answer Powerhouse of the
cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA.
Role of ribosome Correct Answer produces RNA to
produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and
, translation of RNA into a protein. Can be floating or
attached to the Rough ER.
Role of lysosomes Correct Answer helps breakdown and
digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues.
Role of rough ER Correct Answer folded membranes that
move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to
it and helps produce proteins for the cell membranes.
role of smooth ER Correct Answer ribosomes not attached
to smooth ER, helps in the Liver and kidney cells to
detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and
calcium storage.
Role of peroxisome Correct Answer membrane cells that
contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful
chemicals, breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter
metabolic wastes.
Role of Golgi body Correct Answer stacked membranes
that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the
ER. Helps move things in and out of cell.
Where is extracellular fluid found? Correct Answer outside
the cell
Where is ECF located in the body? Correct Answer found
in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid,
and the GI secretions.
