Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 2, The Cell
and its Processes, ALL Exercises,
Questions, Answers, Explanations,
Definitions, & Key Points 100% Pass
What organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?
✔✔ Peroxisomes
Which cell process converts glucose into ATP in the presence of oxygen?
✔✔ Cellular respiration
What part of the cell is responsible for synthesizing lipids?
✔✔ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which molecule forms the primary structure of the cell membrane?
✔✔ Phospholipids
What structure connects adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them?
✔✔ Plasmodesmata
1
,Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
✔✔ Golgi apparatus
What is the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?
✔✔ Exocytosis releases materials from the cell, while endocytosis brings materials into the cell.
What is the function of transport proteins in the cell membrane?
✔✔ They help move substances across the membrane that cannot pass through the lipid bilayer.
Which organelles are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen
peroxide?
✔✔ Peroxisomes
What is the purpose of microvilli on the surface of some cells?
✔✔ They increase the cell's surface area for absorption.
How do gap junctions benefit animal cells?
2
,✔✔ They allow for communication and the transfer of ions and small molecules between cells.
What role does the extracellular matrix play in animal cells?
✔✔ It provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
What is the function of centrosomes in animal cells?
✔✔ They organize microtubules and provide structure for the cell during cell division.
What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?
✔✔ Facilitated diffusion requires the help of transport proteins, while simple diffusion does not.
What process allows for the direct exchange of ions and molecules between neighboring cells in
animal tissues?
✔✔ Gap junctions
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?
✔✔ They break down waste materials and cellular debris.
3
, Which structure in the cell helps in cell division by organizing microtubules?
✔✔ Centrioles
What process involves the engulfing of large particles by the cell membrane?
✔✔ Phagocytosis
What is the purpose of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
✔✔ It aids in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.
How do chloroplasts contribute to the function of plant cells?
✔✔ They carry out photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy.
What cellular structure is responsible for maintaining the cell’s shape and internal organization?
✔✔ Cytoskeleton
Which organelle stores water, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells?
✔✔ Central vacuole
4
and its Processes, ALL Exercises,
Questions, Answers, Explanations,
Definitions, & Key Points 100% Pass
What organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?
✔✔ Peroxisomes
Which cell process converts glucose into ATP in the presence of oxygen?
✔✔ Cellular respiration
What part of the cell is responsible for synthesizing lipids?
✔✔ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which molecule forms the primary structure of the cell membrane?
✔✔ Phospholipids
What structure connects adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them?
✔✔ Plasmodesmata
1
,Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
✔✔ Golgi apparatus
What is the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?
✔✔ Exocytosis releases materials from the cell, while endocytosis brings materials into the cell.
What is the function of transport proteins in the cell membrane?
✔✔ They help move substances across the membrane that cannot pass through the lipid bilayer.
Which organelles are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen
peroxide?
✔✔ Peroxisomes
What is the purpose of microvilli on the surface of some cells?
✔✔ They increase the cell's surface area for absorption.
How do gap junctions benefit animal cells?
2
,✔✔ They allow for communication and the transfer of ions and small molecules between cells.
What role does the extracellular matrix play in animal cells?
✔✔ It provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
What is the function of centrosomes in animal cells?
✔✔ They organize microtubules and provide structure for the cell during cell division.
What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?
✔✔ Facilitated diffusion requires the help of transport proteins, while simple diffusion does not.
What process allows for the direct exchange of ions and molecules between neighboring cells in
animal tissues?
✔✔ Gap junctions
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?
✔✔ They break down waste materials and cellular debris.
3
, Which structure in the cell helps in cell division by organizing microtubules?
✔✔ Centrioles
What process involves the engulfing of large particles by the cell membrane?
✔✔ Phagocytosis
What is the purpose of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
✔✔ It aids in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.
How do chloroplasts contribute to the function of plant cells?
✔✔ They carry out photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy.
What cellular structure is responsible for maintaining the cell’s shape and internal organization?
✔✔ Cytoskeleton
Which organelle stores water, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells?
✔✔ Central vacuole
4
