ACAAI Review For the Allergy & Immunology ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll Boards Chapter 1 Questions and Answers 100% ll ll ll ll ll ll
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What is the hapten-carrier effect? – ANS: Small-molecule antigen requires covalent
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linkage to a larger carrier to stimulate adaptive immune response. The process is
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achieved in collaboration between hapten-specific B cells and carrier-specific T cells.
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This is the basis of developing conjugated vaccines.
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What are the common superantigens and related diseases? - ANS: SEB and SEC from
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Staphylococcus aureus cause food poisoning. TSST from Staphylococcus aureus and
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SPE-C from Streptococus pyogenes cause toxic shock syndrome.
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Which type of T cell recognizes lipid antigens and what molecule is involved? - ANS:
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Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize lipid antigens, and the CD1 molecule is
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involved.
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Which antigens are T-cell dependent and which are T-cell independent? - ANS:
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Protein antigens are T-cell dependent. Polysaccharide, nucleic acid, and lipids are T-
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cell independent.
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What is the binding site for CD4 on the MHC class I molecule? What is the binding site
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for CD8 on the MHC class II molecule? - ANS: On the MHC class I molecule, α3 is the
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binding site for CD4. On the MHC class II molecule, β2 is the binding site for CD8
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Which chain makes up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class I molecules? Which
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chain makes up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class II molecules? - ANS: On the
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MHC Class I molecule, α1 and α2 make up the peptide binding cleft. On the MHC class
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II molecule, α1 and β1 make up the peptide binding cleft.
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MHC class I molecule presents which type of antigens and where does the antigen-
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MHC class I loading happen? - ANS: An MHC class I molecule presents both
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intracellular antigens (e.g., viral antigen in cytoplasm) and extracellular antigens
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(via cross-presentation). The loading site is endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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In which chromosomal region are the TAP proteins located? - ANS: The MHC class II
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locus. They are involved in peptide processing for MHC class I however.
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MHC class II molecule presents which type of antigen? Where does the antigen-MHC
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class II loading happen? - ANS: The MHC class II molecule presents extracellular
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antigens (e.g., antigens from phagocytosed bacteria). The loading site is
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phagolysosome.
ll
ll Boards Chapter 1 Questions and Answers 100% ll ll ll ll ll ll
Verified ll
What is the hapten-carrier effect? – ANS: Small-molecule antigen requires covalent
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
linkage to a larger carrier to stimulate adaptive immune response. The process is
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
achieved in collaboration between hapten-specific B cells and carrier-specific T cells.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
This is the basis of developing conjugated vaccines.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
What are the common superantigens and related diseases? - ANS: SEB and SEC from
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Staphylococcus aureus cause food poisoning. TSST from Staphylococcus aureus and
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
SPE-C from Streptococus pyogenes cause toxic shock syndrome.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Which type of T cell recognizes lipid antigens and what molecule is involved? - ANS:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize lipid antigens, and the CD1 molecule is
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
involved.
ll
Which antigens are T-cell dependent and which are T-cell independent? - ANS:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Protein antigens are T-cell dependent. Polysaccharide, nucleic acid, and lipids are T-
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
cell independent.
ll
What is the binding site for CD4 on the MHC class I molecule? What is the binding site
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
for CD8 on the MHC class II molecule? - ANS: On the MHC class I molecule, α3 is the
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
binding site for CD4. On the MHC class II molecule, β2 is the binding site for CD8
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Which chain makes up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class I molecules? Which
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
chain makes up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class II molecules? - ANS: On the
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
MHC Class I molecule, α1 and α2 make up the peptide binding cleft. On the MHC class
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
II molecule, α1 and β1 make up the peptide binding cleft.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
MHC class I molecule presents which type of antigens and where does the antigen-
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
MHC class I loading happen? - ANS: An MHC class I molecule presents both
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
intracellular antigens (e.g., viral antigen in cytoplasm) and extracellular antigens
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
(via cross-presentation). The loading site is endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
In which chromosomal region are the TAP proteins located? - ANS: The MHC class II
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
locus. They are involved in peptide processing for MHC class I however.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
MHC class II molecule presents which type of antigen? Where does the antigen-MHC
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
class II loading happen? - ANS: The MHC class II molecule presents extracellular
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
antigens (e.g., antigens from phagocytosed bacteria). The loading site is
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phagolysosome.
ll
