Chapter 10: Descriptive Statistics
Statistics - correct answer ✔✔A numerical or graphic way to summarize data obtained from a sample.
Parameters - correct answer ✔✔A numerical or graphic way to summarize data obtained from the
population.
Quantitative data - correct answer ✔✔Data that differ in amount or degree, along a continuum from less
to more; obtained by determining placement on a scale that indicates amount or degree
(ex: SAT scores)
Categorical data - correct answer ✔✔Data that indicates the total number of objects, individuals, or
events a researcher finds in a particular category; obtained by determining the frequency of occurrences
in each of several categories (ex: gender)
Raw scores - correct answer ✔✔The initial score obtained; taken by itself, this score is difficult to
interpret, since it has little meaning.
Derived scores - correct answer ✔✔Are obtained by taking raw scores and converting them into more
useful scores on some type of standardized basis; They enable researchers to say how well the individual
performed compared to others taking the same test (exes: age and grade-level equivalents, percentile
ranks, and standard scores).
Age and grade-level equivalents - correct answer ✔✔Tell us of what age or grade an individual score is
typical
Percentile ranks - correct answer ✔✔Refers to the percentage of individuals scoring at or below a given
raw score.
Standard scores - correct answer ✔✔Indicate how far a given raw score is from a reference point; use a
common scale to indicate how an individual compares to other individuals in a group.
Statistics - correct answer ✔✔A numerical or graphic way to summarize data obtained from a sample.
Parameters - correct answer ✔✔A numerical or graphic way to summarize data obtained from the
population.
Quantitative data - correct answer ✔✔Data that differ in amount or degree, along a continuum from less
to more; obtained by determining placement on a scale that indicates amount or degree
(ex: SAT scores)
Categorical data - correct answer ✔✔Data that indicates the total number of objects, individuals, or
events a researcher finds in a particular category; obtained by determining the frequency of occurrences
in each of several categories (ex: gender)
Raw scores - correct answer ✔✔The initial score obtained; taken by itself, this score is difficult to
interpret, since it has little meaning.
Derived scores - correct answer ✔✔Are obtained by taking raw scores and converting them into more
useful scores on some type of standardized basis; They enable researchers to say how well the individual
performed compared to others taking the same test (exes: age and grade-level equivalents, percentile
ranks, and standard scores).
Age and grade-level equivalents - correct answer ✔✔Tell us of what age or grade an individual score is
typical
Percentile ranks - correct answer ✔✔Refers to the percentage of individuals scoring at or below a given
raw score.
Standard scores - correct answer ✔✔Indicate how far a given raw score is from a reference point; use a
common scale to indicate how an individual compares to other individuals in a group.
