NACE FouNdAtioNs oF NursiNg ExAm with CorrECt QuEstioNs ANd ANswErs upgrAdE. This comprehensive guide provides a detailed overview of critical nursing practices, emphasizing infection control, patient care techniques, and emergency respons

NACE FouNdAtioNs oF NursiNg ExAm with CorrECt QuEstioNs ANd ANswErs 2024- 2025 upgrAdE. This comprehensive guide provides a detailed overview of critical nursing practices, emphasizing infection control, patient care techniques, and emergency response. It is designed to serve as a robust reference for nurses aiming to enhance their clinical skills and ensure the highest standards of patient care. Essential Guide to Infection Control & Clinical Nursing Practice Mastering the core nursing principles ensures effective patient care and safety. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Contact Precaution (C. diff, wounds): Proper PPE: Gown and gloves • Droplet Precaution (Pertussis, Influenza, Pneumonia): Proper PPE: Surgical mask within 3 ft of the patient • Airborne Precaution (TB, Measles, Chickenpox): Proper PPE: N95 Respirator & Negative Pressure Room Illnesses and Their Required Precautions • Droplet Precautions: Pertussis, Influenza, Diphtheria, Bacterial Meningitis • Airborne Precautions: Measles, Varicella (Chickenpox), TB, SARS Key Nursing Techniques and Safety Measures • Wound Dressing Removal: Always remove from clean area to contaminated area to prevent infection spread. • Urine Sample from Catheter: Swab the catheter port with antiseptic, insert needle, and aspirate urine into a syringe. • Insulin Administration: Humulin R is the only insulin that can be given intravenously. Medication Administration and Care Protocols • Enoxaparin (Lovenox): Anticoagulant, crucial for patients with clotting disorders. • Gas-Forming Foods: Avoid legumes and similar foods in patients with digestive concerns. • Skin Care for Diaphoretic Patients: Frequently change bed linens to prevent skin breakdown. • Steps for Correct Medication Management: If wrong medication is given, immediately notify the primary care provider (PCP). Understanding Trough Levels and Medication Refusal • Trough Levels: Always check trough levels just before the next dose is due, as they indicate the lowest drug concentration in the blood. • Handling Medication Refusal: First step: Listen to the patient’s concerns to understand why they are refusing. Practical Interventions for Common Nursing Concerns • Sleep Troubles: Suggestions include a warm bath, maintaining a routine schedule, and avoiding latenight exercise. • Managing Constipation: Encourage high-fiber foods, increase fluids to 2,000 mL/day, and promote ambulation. PPE Removal Protocol: 1. Gloves 2. Goggles/Face Shield 3. Gown 4. Mask Clinical Manifestations & Nursing Assessments • Sleep Apnea Symptoms: Loud snoring with apneic periods lasting up to 60 seconds, occurring frequently throughout the night. • Signs of Hypothyroidism: Weight gain, fatigue, slow heart rate, and cold intolerance. Key Clinical Skills for Patient Monitoring • Apical Pulse Location: Found at the 5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular line. • Brachial Pulse: Palpate just below the elbow (AC), on the medial aspect. • NG Tube Placement Check: The most accurate method is fluoroscopy. Medication & IV Considerations • Subcutaneous Injection: Use a 25-27 gauge needle, 1/4 to 5/8 inches in length, with a max dose of 1mL. • Intradermal Injection: Typically administered using a 25-28 gauge needle, with a dose of 1mL or less. Critical Safety & Emergency Responses • Managing an MI (Myocardial Infarction): Address acute pain immediately when a patient reports mid-sternal chest pain, sweating, and shakiness. • When to Report to the Surgeon: Always report shellfish allergies when a patient is scheduled for procedures involving contrast dyes. This detailed, organized guide enhances readability, focuses on key points, and equips nurses with essential knowledge to provide optimal care. Whether you’re dealing with infection control or complex patient scenarios, these guidelines ensure safe, effective practice. 1/2 4o You said: be very more detailed and much more information ChatGPT said: ChatGPT Certainly! Below is a more detailed and comprehensive guide on infection control and clinical nursing practice, incorporating more in-depth information to enhance understanding and application in patient care. Comprehensive Guide to Infection Control & Clinical Nursing Practices Empowering nurses with detailed knowledge to deliver exceptional care and ensure patient safety. 1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Protocols a. Contact Precaution (Clostridium difficile, Wounds, etc.): • Purpose: To prevent the spread of infectious agents that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact. • Required PPE: o Gown: Wear a gown to protect your skin and clothing from contact with the infectious agent. o Gloves: Essential to prevent contamination through hand contact. Change gloves between tasks and procedures on the same patient if moving from a contaminated body site to a clean one. o Additional Measures: ▪ Use disposable or dedicated patient-care equipment (e.g., stethoscope, blood pressure cuff). ▪ Perform hand hygiene before donning and after removing PPE. b. Droplet Precaution (Pertussis, Influenza, Diphtheria, Pneumonia, Bacterial Meningitis): • Purpose: To prevent the spread of pathogens that are transmitted through respiratory droplets. • Required PPE: o Surgical Mask: Must be worn when within 3 feet (1 meter) of the patient. It helps protect mucous membranes of the nose and mouth from droplets that may contain infectious agents. o Gown and Gloves: Use if anticipating contact with secretions. o Additional Measures: ▪ Place patients in a single room or maintain spatial separation of at least 3 feet between patients. ▪ Patient transportation should be limited; if necessary, the patient should wear a surgical mask. c. Airborne Precaution (Tuberculosis, Measles, Varicella [Chickenpox], Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]): • Purpose: To prevent the spread of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air. • Required PPE: o N95 Respirator: Worn to filter out at least 95% of airborne particles, including large respiratory droplets and smaller aerosols. o Negative Pressure Room: The patient should be placed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) with negative pressure to prevent contaminated air from escaping into adjacent areas. o Additional Measures: ▪ Limit patient movement outside the room. If transport is essential, the patient should wear a surgical mask. ▪ Healthcare workers should be fit-tested for respirators annually.