MCB 2610 Exam 2.
Bacteria shapes - Cocci, bacilli, vibrios (comma shaped), spirilla (spiral), pleiomorphic (various
shapes)
adherence molecules to stick to surfaces - - mediated by pili, fibers of pilin proteins possess other
proteins on their tips for sticking
- a sex pilus is used for conjugation
- some microbes use an extension of the cell envelope tipped by a "holdfast" of paysaccharides
3 parts of flagella - - filament
- hook protein
- basal body
active transport - - all microorganisms
active transport - - energy dependent process
- move molecules against a gradient
- concentrates molecules inside cell
- specific carrier proteins
Adaptions of thermophiles - - Protein structure stabilized
- Histone-like proteins stabilize DNA
- Membrane stabilized (linkages)
Aerobes - Grow in the presence of oxygen
Aerotolerant anaerobes - Aren't harmed by oxygen, but don't use it either.
,Agar - Sulfated polysaccharide used to solidify liquid media (red algae)
Alcohols - - most widely used
- ethanol/isopropanol
- not sporicidal
- inactivate some viruses
- denature proteins and dissolve membrane lipids
Aldehydes - - formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde
- very reactive
- sporicidal
- chemical sterilants
- inactivate nucleic acids and proteins
All organisms require - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and electrons
amphitrichous - one flagellum at each end of cell
Anaerobic - Growth occurs without oxygen
Anaerobic workstation - Incubator, work gloves, airlock
antimicrobial agents - agents that kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth
- cidal agents kill
- static agents inhibit growth
antiport example - - transport of sugars and amino acids in e coli while pumping sodium out
, antisepsis - - destruction or inhibition of microorganisms on living tissue
antiseptics
Antiseptics - Chemicals that can be used on living tissue to kill pathogenic microbes
Autoclave - pressure regulator, safety valve, steam jacket, steam supply, door gasket
Autotrophs - Assimilate carbon from inorganic sources
bacterial cell surface - - motility from flagella (spiral, hollow, rigid filaments extending form cell
surface)
bacterial cell wall - - peptidoglycan (murein)
- rigid structure just outside of the cell membrane
- gram positive/gram negative
- maintains shape, protects cell from osmotic lysis, protects from toxic material, contributes to
pathogenicity
Bacterial lipids - - very dynamic, saturation levels reflect environmental conditions
- lack sterols, but have sterol like molecules (hopanoids - stabilize membrane, found in petroleum)
bacterial taxonomy - standard binomial nomenclature
- species (group of strains charing common features)
- genus (group of closely related species)
- phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
- world federation for culture collections
Balanced growth - Cellular constituents manufactured at constant rates relative to each other
Bacteria shapes - Cocci, bacilli, vibrios (comma shaped), spirilla (spiral), pleiomorphic (various
shapes)
adherence molecules to stick to surfaces - - mediated by pili, fibers of pilin proteins possess other
proteins on their tips for sticking
- a sex pilus is used for conjugation
- some microbes use an extension of the cell envelope tipped by a "holdfast" of paysaccharides
3 parts of flagella - - filament
- hook protein
- basal body
active transport - - all microorganisms
active transport - - energy dependent process
- move molecules against a gradient
- concentrates molecules inside cell
- specific carrier proteins
Adaptions of thermophiles - - Protein structure stabilized
- Histone-like proteins stabilize DNA
- Membrane stabilized (linkages)
Aerobes - Grow in the presence of oxygen
Aerotolerant anaerobes - Aren't harmed by oxygen, but don't use it either.
,Agar - Sulfated polysaccharide used to solidify liquid media (red algae)
Alcohols - - most widely used
- ethanol/isopropanol
- not sporicidal
- inactivate some viruses
- denature proteins and dissolve membrane lipids
Aldehydes - - formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde
- very reactive
- sporicidal
- chemical sterilants
- inactivate nucleic acids and proteins
All organisms require - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and electrons
amphitrichous - one flagellum at each end of cell
Anaerobic - Growth occurs without oxygen
Anaerobic workstation - Incubator, work gloves, airlock
antimicrobial agents - agents that kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth
- cidal agents kill
- static agents inhibit growth
antiport example - - transport of sugars and amino acids in e coli while pumping sodium out
, antisepsis - - destruction or inhibition of microorganisms on living tissue
antiseptics
Antiseptics - Chemicals that can be used on living tissue to kill pathogenic microbes
Autoclave - pressure regulator, safety valve, steam jacket, steam supply, door gasket
Autotrophs - Assimilate carbon from inorganic sources
bacterial cell surface - - motility from flagella (spiral, hollow, rigid filaments extending form cell
surface)
bacterial cell wall - - peptidoglycan (murein)
- rigid structure just outside of the cell membrane
- gram positive/gram negative
- maintains shape, protects cell from osmotic lysis, protects from toxic material, contributes to
pathogenicity
Bacterial lipids - - very dynamic, saturation levels reflect environmental conditions
- lack sterols, but have sterol like molecules (hopanoids - stabilize membrane, found in petroleum)
bacterial taxonomy - standard binomial nomenclature
- species (group of strains charing common features)
- genus (group of closely related species)
- phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
- world federation for culture collections
Balanced growth - Cellular constituents manufactured at constant rates relative to each other
