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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition
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Test Bank Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing
Practice 4rd Edition Butts
Chapter 1: Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why natural sciences are also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Answer: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology
Answer: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs
and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon. Roberta’s views are
most closely reflective of which of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
Answer: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some type
of human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results in
repeat experiments.
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Answer: C
5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation or
change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Answer: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has asked
both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equipment. After
they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover that they are nearly
identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Answer: A
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Answer: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source of
knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Answer: C
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition
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Test Bank Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing
Practice 4rd Edition Butts
Chapter 1: Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why natural sciences are also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Answer: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology
Answer: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs
and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon. Roberta’s views are
most closely reflective of which of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
Answer: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some type
of human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results in
repeat experiments.
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Answer: C
5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation or
change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Answer: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has asked
both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equipment. After
they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover that they are nearly
identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Answer: A
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Answer: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source of
knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Answer: C
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