NURS 611 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE|VERIFIED BY
EXPERTS|(100% PASS GUARANTEED) A GRADED
|LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025.
Red flags for lower back pain - CORRECT ANSWER Age <20 or >50
History of cancer
Unexplained weight loss, fever, or general decline in health
Pain lasting >1mo, unresponsive to treatment
Pain worse at night or present at rest
history of IVDA, addiction, immunosuppression
Presence of active infection or HIV
Long term steroid therapy
Saddle anesthesia
Bladder or bowel incontinence
Neurological deficits
Lower extremity weakness
Shoulder pain can be two nonmusculoskeletal reasons - CORRECT ANSWER Referred
abdominal pain
Cardiac pain
Hawkins test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Subacromial impingement
90 degree arm, 90 degree elbow flexed
Forcibly internally rotate
Positive if pain, nerve burning
Empty can test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Impingement, rotater cuff tear
ARms elevated 90 degrees, then internally rotate 30 degrees (dumping out cans)
Resist abduction
Unable, positive
Apley's test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Rotator cuff tendonitis
REach overhead, reach behind as far as possible
,Apprehension test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Arm at 90 degrees, shoulder at 90 degrees, abducted.
Externally rotate patient's arm, look for slipping, apprehension, resistance
Anterior joint instability
Lateral epichondylitis - CORRECT ANSWER tennis elbow
Medial epichondylitis - CORRECT ANSWER golfer's elbow
Ganglion cysts - CORRECT ANSWER Non-cancerous, fluid-filled cysts are common masses or
lumps in the hand and usually found on the back of the wrist.
not aesthetic but do not need ot be removed unless compressing nerves
Snuffbox - CORRECT ANSWER Radial fossa
Can press here if suspect scaphoid fracture. XR may be negative but still need referral due to risk
of avascular necrosis
Suspect if recent fall with wrist pain
Finkelstein's - CORRECT ANSWER de Quervain's tenosynovitis
hold thumb and rapidly ulnar deviate
Tinel's - CORRECT ANSWER tap on radial nerve, shooting pain --> carpal tunnel
Phalen's - CORRECT ANSWER Press back of hands together for 1 minute, if numb, tingling,
pain, carpel tunnel
Carpal tunnel RFs - CORRECT ANSWER pregnant women, people who do repetitive work like
factory workers, knitters
Drawer test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Indication: ACL or PCL rupture
Flex hip to 45, knee to 90
examiner sits on feet to stabilize
Place hands at top of calf and try and push in (anterior) and pull out (posterior)
laxity >6-8mm implies positive
Lachman test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER ACL rupture
Flex knee slightly, examiner grasps above calf with dominant hand and stabilizes femur with
other
,pulls tibia anteirorly in sudden firm forward motion
>6-8mm is laxity, positive
McMurray's
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER indication: meniscal tears
Flex knee as much as possible, examiner rotates btween external and internal rotation and
extending the knee. listen for popping, clicking, etc
Bulge sign - CORRECT ANSWER confirms fluid in the knee
upward strokes on medial aspect of knee while applying lateral pressure
presence of bulge/fluid = +
Different grades of ankle sprains
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3 - CORRECT ANSWER 1: Small tears
2: larger tears, no complete tears
3: complete tears
Important history information for neck pain - CORRECT ANSWER Fever
Most common cause of back pain - CORRECT ANSWER nonspecific, muscle strain or sprain
Straight leg raise - CORRECT ANSWER supine patient
lift up leg as far as can go, should be able to go >70 degrees without significant radiating pain
(some gluteal discomfort or hamstring tightness is okay)
+ if sharp shooting pain up back of leg, sciatica, lumbar root nerve cmopromise
Red flags of neck pain - CORRECT ANSWER Nuchal rigidity
Recent trauma
Weakness of extremities
Pes planus - CORRECT ANSWER Flat foot, normal <3 years
Genu varum - CORRECT ANSWER Bow legged
normal <18 months
Genu valgum - CORRECT ANSWER knock knees,
normal age 3-5 but should correct by 9
What is the risk of caffeine intake in the pediatric patient? - CORRECT ANSWER diminished
calcium absorption and delayed bone growth
When is the Barlow Ortolani manuever performed? - CORRECT ANSWER 1st 12 weeks
, 1st year if breach
Gower's sign - CORRECT ANSWER Difficulty rising to standing position; has to walk up legs
using hands; occurs in Muscular dystrophy
hip dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER abnormal development of the pelvic joint causing the
head of the femur and the acetabulum not to be aligned properly
subluxation-partial contact
dislocation-no contact
Galeazzi test - CORRECT ANSWER It is performed by flexing an infant's knees when they are
lying down so that the feet touch the surface and the ankles touch the buttocks. *If the knees are
not level then the test is positive*, indicating a potential congenital hip malformation.
Barlow-Ortolani maneuver - CORRECT ANSWER *Purpose.*
Congenital hip dysplasia.
*Positive Test.*
click/clunk
*Technique.*
Barlow: Flex hips to 90 degrees and place index and middle finger over the greater trochanter.
Next, place the thumb medially at the inner thigh inguinal crease and gently adduct the hip while
applying downward force.
Ortolani: Flex the hips and knees of infant to 90 degrees, then with examiner's index fingers
placing anterior pressure on the greater trochanters, abducting the infant's legs using the
examiner's thumbs.
talipes equinovarus - CORRECT ANSWER clubfoot
requires surgical intervention, must refer
polydactyl - CORRECT ANSWER more fingers and toes than normal
syndactyly - CORRECT ANSWER fusion of digits
Nursemaid's elbow - CORRECT ANSWER radial head subluxation
common frmo swinging child
How to assess for scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Assess the patient standing for symmetry
of shoulders, scapula, and hips. Uneven shoulder height or hips as well as a curved spine are
indicative.
2. Have child bend forward with knees straight and head hanging straight down between
extended arms (Adams forward bend test) and evaluate for asymmetry. Can use a scliometer to
test for degree.
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE|VERIFIED BY
EXPERTS|(100% PASS GUARANTEED) A GRADED
|LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025.
Red flags for lower back pain - CORRECT ANSWER Age <20 or >50
History of cancer
Unexplained weight loss, fever, or general decline in health
Pain lasting >1mo, unresponsive to treatment
Pain worse at night or present at rest
history of IVDA, addiction, immunosuppression
Presence of active infection or HIV
Long term steroid therapy
Saddle anesthesia
Bladder or bowel incontinence
Neurological deficits
Lower extremity weakness
Shoulder pain can be two nonmusculoskeletal reasons - CORRECT ANSWER Referred
abdominal pain
Cardiac pain
Hawkins test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Subacromial impingement
90 degree arm, 90 degree elbow flexed
Forcibly internally rotate
Positive if pain, nerve burning
Empty can test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Impingement, rotater cuff tear
ARms elevated 90 degrees, then internally rotate 30 degrees (dumping out cans)
Resist abduction
Unable, positive
Apley's test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Rotator cuff tendonitis
REach overhead, reach behind as far as possible
,Apprehension test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Arm at 90 degrees, shoulder at 90 degrees, abducted.
Externally rotate patient's arm, look for slipping, apprehension, resistance
Anterior joint instability
Lateral epichondylitis - CORRECT ANSWER tennis elbow
Medial epichondylitis - CORRECT ANSWER golfer's elbow
Ganglion cysts - CORRECT ANSWER Non-cancerous, fluid-filled cysts are common masses or
lumps in the hand and usually found on the back of the wrist.
not aesthetic but do not need ot be removed unless compressing nerves
Snuffbox - CORRECT ANSWER Radial fossa
Can press here if suspect scaphoid fracture. XR may be negative but still need referral due to risk
of avascular necrosis
Suspect if recent fall with wrist pain
Finkelstein's - CORRECT ANSWER de Quervain's tenosynovitis
hold thumb and rapidly ulnar deviate
Tinel's - CORRECT ANSWER tap on radial nerve, shooting pain --> carpal tunnel
Phalen's - CORRECT ANSWER Press back of hands together for 1 minute, if numb, tingling,
pain, carpel tunnel
Carpal tunnel RFs - CORRECT ANSWER pregnant women, people who do repetitive work like
factory workers, knitters
Drawer test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER Indication: ACL or PCL rupture
Flex hip to 45, knee to 90
examiner sits on feet to stabilize
Place hands at top of calf and try and push in (anterior) and pull out (posterior)
laxity >6-8mm implies positive
Lachman test
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER ACL rupture
Flex knee slightly, examiner grasps above calf with dominant hand and stabilizes femur with
other
,pulls tibia anteirorly in sudden firm forward motion
>6-8mm is laxity, positive
McMurray's
Indication
Movement
Positive - CORRECT ANSWER indication: meniscal tears
Flex knee as much as possible, examiner rotates btween external and internal rotation and
extending the knee. listen for popping, clicking, etc
Bulge sign - CORRECT ANSWER confirms fluid in the knee
upward strokes on medial aspect of knee while applying lateral pressure
presence of bulge/fluid = +
Different grades of ankle sprains
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3 - CORRECT ANSWER 1: Small tears
2: larger tears, no complete tears
3: complete tears
Important history information for neck pain - CORRECT ANSWER Fever
Most common cause of back pain - CORRECT ANSWER nonspecific, muscle strain or sprain
Straight leg raise - CORRECT ANSWER supine patient
lift up leg as far as can go, should be able to go >70 degrees without significant radiating pain
(some gluteal discomfort or hamstring tightness is okay)
+ if sharp shooting pain up back of leg, sciatica, lumbar root nerve cmopromise
Red flags of neck pain - CORRECT ANSWER Nuchal rigidity
Recent trauma
Weakness of extremities
Pes planus - CORRECT ANSWER Flat foot, normal <3 years
Genu varum - CORRECT ANSWER Bow legged
normal <18 months
Genu valgum - CORRECT ANSWER knock knees,
normal age 3-5 but should correct by 9
What is the risk of caffeine intake in the pediatric patient? - CORRECT ANSWER diminished
calcium absorption and delayed bone growth
When is the Barlow Ortolani manuever performed? - CORRECT ANSWER 1st 12 weeks
, 1st year if breach
Gower's sign - CORRECT ANSWER Difficulty rising to standing position; has to walk up legs
using hands; occurs in Muscular dystrophy
hip dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER abnormal development of the pelvic joint causing the
head of the femur and the acetabulum not to be aligned properly
subluxation-partial contact
dislocation-no contact
Galeazzi test - CORRECT ANSWER It is performed by flexing an infant's knees when they are
lying down so that the feet touch the surface and the ankles touch the buttocks. *If the knees are
not level then the test is positive*, indicating a potential congenital hip malformation.
Barlow-Ortolani maneuver - CORRECT ANSWER *Purpose.*
Congenital hip dysplasia.
*Positive Test.*
click/clunk
*Technique.*
Barlow: Flex hips to 90 degrees and place index and middle finger over the greater trochanter.
Next, place the thumb medially at the inner thigh inguinal crease and gently adduct the hip while
applying downward force.
Ortolani: Flex the hips and knees of infant to 90 degrees, then with examiner's index fingers
placing anterior pressure on the greater trochanters, abducting the infant's legs using the
examiner's thumbs.
talipes equinovarus - CORRECT ANSWER clubfoot
requires surgical intervention, must refer
polydactyl - CORRECT ANSWER more fingers and toes than normal
syndactyly - CORRECT ANSWER fusion of digits
Nursemaid's elbow - CORRECT ANSWER radial head subluxation
common frmo swinging child
How to assess for scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Assess the patient standing for symmetry
of shoulders, scapula, and hips. Uneven shoulder height or hips as well as a curved spine are
indicative.
2. Have child bend forward with knees straight and head hanging straight down between
extended arms (Adams forward bend test) and evaluate for asymmetry. Can use a scliometer to
test for degree.
