TRUGREEN PESTICIDE CERTIFICATION 6,3A,3B EXAM 2024|
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE
Abiotic disorder - A non-pest plant stress such as improper nutrition, too much or too
little water, winter or frost injury
Action threshold - The pest density at which action (such as pesticide application) is
justified to prevent further damage.
Adelgid - An insect closely related to aphids that feed on conifers. Their feeding often
causes galls to form.
Aesthetic injury level - The point at which damage from a pest becomes noticeable
enough to negatively affect the visible quality of the plant. This may vary, based in part
on the distance the plant is located from walkways. (and therefore, on the likelihood of
the damage being observed.
Airblast sprayer - Pesticide application equipment that uses a stream of air from a fan
to break up and distribute the pesicide onto the plant that is being treated.
Allelopathy/allelopathic - When one plant species suppresses the growth of another.
For example, walnut trees produce chemicals that will not allow plants to grow under
their canopies.
Annual - A plant that completes its life cycle and dies in a single year or growing
season.
Bacteria - A group of single-celled microorganisms, of which there are typically 40
million in a gram of soil. A few species are the causes of diseases such as fire blight
and leaf spot in plants.
Bactericide - A pesticide used to manage a disease cause by bacteria
Balled and burlapped - A standard method used to wrap a tree or shrub rootball with
burlap to keep the soil around the roots when digging the plant from the field to move it
for transplanting. Often, larger trees will have a wire mesh placed around the burlap to
provide more support for transporting. The wire mesh should be removed prior to
planting. The burlap should (optimally) be removed as much as possible also, as amany
types of modern burlap contains synthetic fibers that will not rot. If the burlap is natural
fibers it should at least be removed from the top one-third of the rootball to avoid the
burlap being exposed to the air and wicking moisture from the roots. Also called B&B.
,Basal Drench - The mixing of a pesticide in a small volume of water and applying to a
12-18 inch strip around the base of a tree or shrub. These compounds are normally
systemic and are absorbed by the roots of the plant.
Beauveria bassiana - A naturally occurring fungus that attacks a number of insects and
has been formulated as an insecticide.
Beneficial Insect - Insects that eat or develop inside or on pest insects. Sometimes just
referred to as "beneficials." Beneficial insects do not damage landscape plants.
Biennial - A plant with a two-year life cycle.
Biochemical pesticide - A biologically derived chemical such as insect sex pheromones
that are used for pest control. They have the advantages of being non-toxic and specific
for controlling a particular species of pest.
Biocide - A substance that kills biological organisms.
Biological control - A method of controlling a pest by encouraging and using natural
controls such as parasitism, predation, and naturally occuring diseases.
Biomagnification - A situation in which a predatory organism continues to absorb
pesticde as it eats prey that has been exposed to nonlethal levels of pesticide; the
accumulation of pesticide in the predator can lead to its death.
Biopesticide - Pesticides cerived from natural materials such as animals, plants,
bacteria and certain minerals.
Broad-spectrum - A pesticde that affectsx a wide range of target species.
Broad-spectrum fungicide - A fingicide that controls a wide range of fungal organisms.
Broadcast application - A pesticide applied to a large area over all of the plants.
Budbreak - The timme when dormant buds open into leaves or flowers.
Bulb - An underground plant stem (such as an onion or tulip) that is surrounded by
fleshy leaves that are modified to store nutrients.
Calibration - the process of adjusting pesticide application equipment to apply a specific
amount of pesticide at a specific rate over a specific area.
Cambium - The layer of the tree immediately below the bark that contains embryonic
tissue. It is the actively growing part of the tree.
, Cankers - Irregular areas of damaged, diseased or dead tissue on the trunk and stems
of woody plants. These may be various colorgs and may be moist or dry.
Chemosterilants - A chemical compound that causes reproductive sterility in an
organism.
Chlorosis - A condition in which leaves are not producing chlorophyll and are yellowed,
often caused by a nutrient deficiency.
Chlorotic n- n nWhen nthe nleaves nof na nplant nexhibit nyellowing.
Cold ntemerature nhardiness n- n nThe nability nof na nplant nto nwithstand nthe nextremes nof
ntemperature nduring nthe nwinter nfor na nparticular narea nof nthe ncountry. nThe nU.S.
nDepartment nof nAgriculture nhas ndeveloped nzone nmaps nto nindicate nparts nof nthe ncountry
nthat nare nsubject nto nroughly nthe nsame nextremes nof ncold ntemperatures. nPlants nare nrated
nas nto nthe nhardiness nzones nin nwhich nthey nare nable nto nsurvive.
Commercial napplicator n- n nA nperson nwho nhas nbeen ncertified nby nthe nState nof nMichigan nto
napply npesticides nfor nhire. nIn nMichigan, nany nindividual nwho nis napplying npesticides nfor
nhire non nproperty nthey ndo nnot nown nand nwhere nthey nare nnot nbeing nsupervised nby nthe
nproperty nowner nof nthe nowner's nrepresentative n(such nas non na nfarm nor nnursery) nmust nbe
ncertified nas na ncommercial napplicator.
Complete nmetamorphosis n- n nThe ntype nof ndevelopment nexhibited nby nmore nevolutionarily
nadvanced ninsects nin nwhich nthe nlarva nis nvery ndifferent nfrom nthe nadult. nIt ngoes nthrough na
nchange nvia nthe npupa nstage nbefore nemerging nas nan nadult.
Conidia n- n nAn nasexually nproduced nsingle-celled nreporductive nor nresting nbody nproduced
nby na nfungus.
Conk n- n nA nshelf-like nstructure nof nwood-decaying nfungi nthat ncontains nfungal nfruiting
nbodies.
Contact nfungicide n- n nFungicides nthat nstay non nthe nsurface nof nthe nplant nparts nand ndo nnot
nmove nthrough nthe ntissues nof nthe nplant. nThey nmust ncontact nthe nfungus non nthe nplant nor
nprevent nit nfrom nentering nthe nplant nby nforming na nbarrier nto nwork.
Cornicles n- n nThe npair nof n"tailpipes" non nthe ntop nand nto nthe nrear nof nthe nabdomen nthat nare
nunique nto naphids. nCornicles nproduce nalarm nchemicals nto nwarn nother naphids nof
napproaching ndanger.
Cotyledon n- n nA nsignificant npart nof nthe nembryo nof na nplant nseed. nCotyledons nmay nbecome
nthe nfirst n"leaves" nof na nplant nand nmay nbe nphotosynthetic, nalthought nthey nare nnot ntrue
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE
Abiotic disorder - A non-pest plant stress such as improper nutrition, too much or too
little water, winter or frost injury
Action threshold - The pest density at which action (such as pesticide application) is
justified to prevent further damage.
Adelgid - An insect closely related to aphids that feed on conifers. Their feeding often
causes galls to form.
Aesthetic injury level - The point at which damage from a pest becomes noticeable
enough to negatively affect the visible quality of the plant. This may vary, based in part
on the distance the plant is located from walkways. (and therefore, on the likelihood of
the damage being observed.
Airblast sprayer - Pesticide application equipment that uses a stream of air from a fan
to break up and distribute the pesicide onto the plant that is being treated.
Allelopathy/allelopathic - When one plant species suppresses the growth of another.
For example, walnut trees produce chemicals that will not allow plants to grow under
their canopies.
Annual - A plant that completes its life cycle and dies in a single year or growing
season.
Bacteria - A group of single-celled microorganisms, of which there are typically 40
million in a gram of soil. A few species are the causes of diseases such as fire blight
and leaf spot in plants.
Bactericide - A pesticide used to manage a disease cause by bacteria
Balled and burlapped - A standard method used to wrap a tree or shrub rootball with
burlap to keep the soil around the roots when digging the plant from the field to move it
for transplanting. Often, larger trees will have a wire mesh placed around the burlap to
provide more support for transporting. The wire mesh should be removed prior to
planting. The burlap should (optimally) be removed as much as possible also, as amany
types of modern burlap contains synthetic fibers that will not rot. If the burlap is natural
fibers it should at least be removed from the top one-third of the rootball to avoid the
burlap being exposed to the air and wicking moisture from the roots. Also called B&B.
,Basal Drench - The mixing of a pesticide in a small volume of water and applying to a
12-18 inch strip around the base of a tree or shrub. These compounds are normally
systemic and are absorbed by the roots of the plant.
Beauveria bassiana - A naturally occurring fungus that attacks a number of insects and
has been formulated as an insecticide.
Beneficial Insect - Insects that eat or develop inside or on pest insects. Sometimes just
referred to as "beneficials." Beneficial insects do not damage landscape plants.
Biennial - A plant with a two-year life cycle.
Biochemical pesticide - A biologically derived chemical such as insect sex pheromones
that are used for pest control. They have the advantages of being non-toxic and specific
for controlling a particular species of pest.
Biocide - A substance that kills biological organisms.
Biological control - A method of controlling a pest by encouraging and using natural
controls such as parasitism, predation, and naturally occuring diseases.
Biomagnification - A situation in which a predatory organism continues to absorb
pesticde as it eats prey that has been exposed to nonlethal levels of pesticide; the
accumulation of pesticide in the predator can lead to its death.
Biopesticide - Pesticides cerived from natural materials such as animals, plants,
bacteria and certain minerals.
Broad-spectrum - A pesticde that affectsx a wide range of target species.
Broad-spectrum fungicide - A fingicide that controls a wide range of fungal organisms.
Broadcast application - A pesticide applied to a large area over all of the plants.
Budbreak - The timme when dormant buds open into leaves or flowers.
Bulb - An underground plant stem (such as an onion or tulip) that is surrounded by
fleshy leaves that are modified to store nutrients.
Calibration - the process of adjusting pesticide application equipment to apply a specific
amount of pesticide at a specific rate over a specific area.
Cambium - The layer of the tree immediately below the bark that contains embryonic
tissue. It is the actively growing part of the tree.
, Cankers - Irregular areas of damaged, diseased or dead tissue on the trunk and stems
of woody plants. These may be various colorgs and may be moist or dry.
Chemosterilants - A chemical compound that causes reproductive sterility in an
organism.
Chlorosis - A condition in which leaves are not producing chlorophyll and are yellowed,
often caused by a nutrient deficiency.
Chlorotic n- n nWhen nthe nleaves nof na nplant nexhibit nyellowing.
Cold ntemerature nhardiness n- n nThe nability nof na nplant nto nwithstand nthe nextremes nof
ntemperature nduring nthe nwinter nfor na nparticular narea nof nthe ncountry. nThe nU.S.
nDepartment nof nAgriculture nhas ndeveloped nzone nmaps nto nindicate nparts nof nthe ncountry
nthat nare nsubject nto nroughly nthe nsame nextremes nof ncold ntemperatures. nPlants nare nrated
nas nto nthe nhardiness nzones nin nwhich nthey nare nable nto nsurvive.
Commercial napplicator n- n nA nperson nwho nhas nbeen ncertified nby nthe nState nof nMichigan nto
napply npesticides nfor nhire. nIn nMichigan, nany nindividual nwho nis napplying npesticides nfor
nhire non nproperty nthey ndo nnot nown nand nwhere nthey nare nnot nbeing nsupervised nby nthe
nproperty nowner nof nthe nowner's nrepresentative n(such nas non na nfarm nor nnursery) nmust nbe
ncertified nas na ncommercial napplicator.
Complete nmetamorphosis n- n nThe ntype nof ndevelopment nexhibited nby nmore nevolutionarily
nadvanced ninsects nin nwhich nthe nlarva nis nvery ndifferent nfrom nthe nadult. nIt ngoes nthrough na
nchange nvia nthe npupa nstage nbefore nemerging nas nan nadult.
Conidia n- n nAn nasexually nproduced nsingle-celled nreporductive nor nresting nbody nproduced
nby na nfungus.
Conk n- n nA nshelf-like nstructure nof nwood-decaying nfungi nthat ncontains nfungal nfruiting
nbodies.
Contact nfungicide n- n nFungicides nthat nstay non nthe nsurface nof nthe nplant nparts nand ndo nnot
nmove nthrough nthe ntissues nof nthe nplant. nThey nmust ncontact nthe nfungus non nthe nplant nor
nprevent nit nfrom nentering nthe nplant nby nforming na nbarrier nto nwork.
Cornicles n- n nThe npair nof n"tailpipes" non nthe ntop nand nto nthe nrear nof nthe nabdomen nthat nare
nunique nto naphids. nCornicles nproduce nalarm nchemicals nto nwarn nother naphids nof
napproaching ndanger.
Cotyledon n- n nA nsignificant npart nof nthe nembryo nof na nplant nseed. nCotyledons nmay nbecome
nthe nfirst n"leaves" nof na nplant nand nmay nbe nphotosynthetic, nalthought nthey nare nnot ntrue
