C985-AnAlytiCAl Methods of heAlth leAder with Question And CorreCt Answers ANOVA - correct answer-Analysis of variance test. Used when there are two or more groups to compare. A group of psychiatric patients are trying three different therapies: counse

C985-AnAlytiCAl Methods of heAlth leAder with Question And CorreCt Answers ANOVA - correct answer-Analysis of variance test. Used when there are two or more groups to compare. A group of psychiatric patients are trying three different therapies: counseling, medication, and biofeedback. You want to see if one therapy is better than others. Alternative Hypothesis - correct answer-States that the two groups we are studying are different: this is the researcher's hypothesis, the alternative model that you want to consider. The burden of proof lies with the researcher. Analysis Plan - correct answer-A data analysis plan is a roadmap for how you're going to organize and analyze your survey data -- and it should help you achieve three objectives that relate to the goal you set before you started your survey. Bayesian Approach - correct answer-an advanced mathematical procedure that applies probabilities to statistical problems. It provides people the tools to update their beliefs in the evidence of new data. Categorical Variable - correct answer-Values that are names or labels. The color of a ball or the breed of a dog would be examples of categorical variables. Central Tendency - correct answer-Is the phenomenon of typical values often occurring in the middle of a distribution. The greater the tendency toward the center, the more likely a distribution is normal in shape. Chi-square Test - correct answer-Determine if an association exists between two categorical variables. Compares values you observe to expected. Do men or women call out sick to work more? Confounding Variable - correct answer-A variable that obscures the effect of another variable. Continuous Variable - correct answer-It is also known as an interval variable. There is a meaningful difference between variables. For example, a temperature difference between 80* and 90* is the same difference as between 90* and 100*. Congrol Group - correct answer-In a healthcare environment, this group of patients do not receive the treatment that is being studied. Correlation Coefficient - correct answer-Measures strength and direction of a linear relationship between 2 variables on a scatter plot. Looks for not only the relationship, but the magnitude of association. It is not cause and effect, just relationship. Cross-Sectional Research - correct answer-Also called a prevalence study, it gathers and analyzes data from a population or subset of a population at a specific point in time or place. For example, a group of physicians may wish to do a cross-sectional study to see how many of their patients ages 10-14 are on medication for ADHD. Dependent Variable - correct answer-It is what is going to change, or not, as a result of your research. For example, if you are researching whether or not exercising has an effect on weight gain, 'exercise' is the independent variable and weight gain is the dependent variable. Descriptive Statistics - correct answer-Describe what the data show about the characteristics of a sample -- they tell us information about a particular population. They are considered accurate and can be verified. Experimental Group - correct answer-This group of patients receive the treatment being studied, and with follow-up observation to determine the effect of the treatment. F-test - correct answer-For equality of variance: It is most often used when comparing statistical models that have been fitted to a data set, to identify the model that best fits the population from which the data were sampled. Ensuring two samples are "not statisically different." F-test - correct answer-TDesigned to test if two population variances are equal. The ratio of the two variances is compared. IF they are equal, the ratio of the variances will be 1. Frequency - correct answer-Measure how often a particular value occurs to assess the importance of a value or check the variation of the values in a study. Hypothesis - correct answer-A proposed explanation for an observation that leads to a prediction. Through investigation and use of statistical data, those doing the study will either confirm or reject the hypothesis. Testing the hypothesis will show if there is a link (or not) between two or more variables. Incidence - correct answer-Is the rate of new or newly diagnosed cases of the disease occurring within a period of time. Independent Variable - correct answer-It has an effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is what you are controlling. It should remain constant. Indirect Observation - correct answer-Relying on the reported observations of others. Inferential Statistics - correct answer-Help us make inferences or guess about a larger group of data by drawing conclusions from a small group of data. Inferential statistics tell us if the difference in outcome between the treatment group and the control group was significant. Integrity - correct answer-Research always makes some assumptions, depending on the type of method used. Research assumptions must be identified to determine possible breaches of integrity.