UWM Bio ExaM 4 2024-
2025 QUEstion and
CorrECt ansWErs
Upgrand
,What are Gnathostomata? - correct answer-The Jawed Vertebrates
-Cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
-Also have paired fins, efficient kidneys, and sophisticated buoyancy control mechanisms
-60,000 species in 7 taxonomic classes
What are Class Chondrichthyes? - correct answer-The Cartilaginous Fishes
-1,110 species of mostly marine predators and scavengers
-Internal skeleton of cartilage
-Buoyancy achieves by swimming or high-density oils in the liver
-Reproduction via internal fertilization: eggs can be laid externally or embryos retained in the female
What are Class Actinopterygii? - correct answer-The Ray-finned Bony Fishes
-30,000 species of aquatic vertebrates
-Specialized in buoyancy organ: swim bladder
-Marked modification of fins for swimming and maneuvering
-Specialized oral jaws for grabbing and manipulating food, and pharyngeal jaws for grinding food
How do all animals begin? - correct answer-As a single cell
What are the four development processes for different cells, tissues, and organs? - correct answer-1.
Determination
2. Differentiation
3. Morphogenesis
4. Growth
What is Determination? - correct answer-Determines what the cell will become
What is Differentiation? - correct answer-Different cells arise from less specialized cells
What is Morphogenesis? - correct answer-Organization and spatial distribution of cells into the body
, What is Growth? - correct answer-Increase in body size by cell division and cell expansion
What does it mean to be Totipotent? - correct answer-Can differentiate into any cell type including new
embryonic stem cells
What does it mean to be Pluripotent? - correct answer-Can differentiate into most cell types, but not
new embryos
What does it mean to be Multipotent? - correct answer-Can differentiate into several related cell types
What does it mean to be Unipotent? - correct answer-Can produce only more of their own cell types
Do non-reproductive (somatic) cells contain a same or different genome? - correct answer-They contain
the same genome
How do cells become different from one another? - correct answer-Differential Gene Expression
What are the three ways pluripotent fertilized eggs divide to produce cells with more and more
restricted fates? - correct answer-1. Segregation
2. Induction
3. Transcription Factors
What is Segregation? - correct answer-Components in cells become unequally segregated. An unequal
distribution of a cytoplasmic component in a fertilized egg is retained in daughter cells as the cell divides.
A subsequent cell division, however, segregates the cytoplasmic component in specific cells. The top cells
and bottom cells now have different fates. Cytoskeleton is responsible for different distributions during
mitosis.
What is Induction? - correct answer-Signals from one cell in a developing embryo communicate with and
influence others. Often mediated through transcription factors
2025 QUEstion and
CorrECt ansWErs
Upgrand
,What are Gnathostomata? - correct answer-The Jawed Vertebrates
-Cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
-Also have paired fins, efficient kidneys, and sophisticated buoyancy control mechanisms
-60,000 species in 7 taxonomic classes
What are Class Chondrichthyes? - correct answer-The Cartilaginous Fishes
-1,110 species of mostly marine predators and scavengers
-Internal skeleton of cartilage
-Buoyancy achieves by swimming or high-density oils in the liver
-Reproduction via internal fertilization: eggs can be laid externally or embryos retained in the female
What are Class Actinopterygii? - correct answer-The Ray-finned Bony Fishes
-30,000 species of aquatic vertebrates
-Specialized in buoyancy organ: swim bladder
-Marked modification of fins for swimming and maneuvering
-Specialized oral jaws for grabbing and manipulating food, and pharyngeal jaws for grinding food
How do all animals begin? - correct answer-As a single cell
What are the four development processes for different cells, tissues, and organs? - correct answer-1.
Determination
2. Differentiation
3. Morphogenesis
4. Growth
What is Determination? - correct answer-Determines what the cell will become
What is Differentiation? - correct answer-Different cells arise from less specialized cells
What is Morphogenesis? - correct answer-Organization and spatial distribution of cells into the body
, What is Growth? - correct answer-Increase in body size by cell division and cell expansion
What does it mean to be Totipotent? - correct answer-Can differentiate into any cell type including new
embryonic stem cells
What does it mean to be Pluripotent? - correct answer-Can differentiate into most cell types, but not
new embryos
What does it mean to be Multipotent? - correct answer-Can differentiate into several related cell types
What does it mean to be Unipotent? - correct answer-Can produce only more of their own cell types
Do non-reproductive (somatic) cells contain a same or different genome? - correct answer-They contain
the same genome
How do cells become different from one another? - correct answer-Differential Gene Expression
What are the three ways pluripotent fertilized eggs divide to produce cells with more and more
restricted fates? - correct answer-1. Segregation
2. Induction
3. Transcription Factors
What is Segregation? - correct answer-Components in cells become unequally segregated. An unequal
distribution of a cytoplasmic component in a fertilized egg is retained in daughter cells as the cell divides.
A subsequent cell division, however, segregates the cytoplasmic component in specific cells. The top cells
and bottom cells now have different fates. Cytoskeleton is responsible for different distributions during
mitosis.
What is Induction? - correct answer-Signals from one cell in a developing embryo communicate with and
influence others. Often mediated through transcription factors
