ATI Pharmacology Study Guide 2020 Terms in this set (59) Baclofen (Lioresal) Class: Skeletal Muscle relaxant - TX: muscle spasms - Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, tiredness; headache; sleep problems (insomnia); nausea, constipatio

ATI Pharmacology Study Guide 2020 Terms in this set (59) Baclofen (Lioresal) Class: Skeletal Muscle relaxant - TX: muscle spasms - Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, tiredness; headache; sleep problems (insomnia); nausea, constipation; or urinating more often than usual. - Nursing Inter: be alert for signs of hyperglycemia, confusion, drowsiness changes in mood and behavior Spironolactone (Aldactone) Tx: HTN and HF -Side Effects: Hyperkalemia, Gastrointestinal irritation -Adverse Effects: increased thirst, signs of kidney problems, mental/mood changes, muscle spasms, breast pain -Precautions: Tell Dr. of slow pulse. Avoid potassium salt, drowsiness may occur, avoid taking within 4hrs of betime -Interactions: kidney/liver problems, high potassium/low sodium, addisons disease; drug interactions: lithium Fentanyl Opioid Analgesic -sedation Nursing Interventions: The nurse should have the opioid reversal agent naloxone and resuscitation equipment available in the event that the client develops manifestations of opioid toxicity such as sedation. Requires a written consent bc its a narcotic. naloxone Class: Intervention: is a narcotic antagonist that combines competitively with opiate receptors and blocks or reverses the action of narcotic analgesics. By blocking the effects of narcotics on the central nervous system (CNS), it prevents CNS and respiratory depression. side effects: interactions: Nursing inverventions: ATI Pharmacology Study Guide 2020 Heparin heparin will be continued until the warfarin reaches a therapeutic effect class: intervention: side effects: interactions: Nursing interventions: Warfarin contraindications: pregnancy -Warfarin therapy is contraindicated in the pregnant client because it crosses the placenta and places the fetus at risk. Warfarin is a pregnancy category X medication. Candidiasis yeast infection Nystatin should be applied topically to the area affected with candidiasis, usually four times daily. Adults and older children can swish the nystatin suspension around in their mouth for a period of time and then swallow it. Since infants and very young children cannot follow these directions, the medication should be applied orally using a swab. Prothrombin Time (PT) used to monitor warfarin therapy NPH insulin peak: 4-14hrs duration: tobramycin 30 mins before and after for lab values Meperidine (Demerol) Tx: Moderate to severe pain Contraindications: Hypotension (SBP <100), respiratory depression, respiratory distress due to asthma/COPD, shock, bowel obstruction, patients who have taken MAOIs within the past 2 weeks Class: Opiod Analgesic Cumulative Effects - effect occurs with repeated doses of a medication are given and the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion. Due to older adults decreased kidney function, meperidine can quickly reach a toxic level when given over several days, which can cause seizures. Dimenhydrinate antihistamine tx nausea It is used to treat acute attacks of Meniere's disease and vertigo, as well as to reduce nausea and vomiting from radiation sickness. Digoxin toxicity GI effects (anorexia, n/v, abdominal pain), CNS effects (fatigue, weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green or white halos around objects) -Anorexia- -Loop diuretics such as furosemide can cause hypokalemia, which greatly increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. Tx: is used to treat heart failure, usually along with other medications. It is also used to treat certain types of irregular heartbeat (such as chronic atrial fibrillation). Class: Cyclobenzaprine Muscle Relaxant Omeprazole a proton pump inhibitor - reduces gastric acid secretion and treats duodenal and gastric ulcers, prolonged dyspepsia, gastrointestinal reflux disease, and erosive esophagitis. Interventions: long term use increases risk of fracture Ofloxacin Otic Administration: Applying gentle pressure with a finger to the tragus of the ear after administration will facilitate movement of the fluid down the ear canal. Clopidogrel -- is an antithrombotic and antiplatelet medication; therefore, it poses a risk of serious bleeding. The nurse should monitor for signs of bleeding such as black, tarry stools and ATI Pharmacology Study Guide 2020 Spironolactone Restrict foods high in potassium Repaglinide HbA1c DM2 Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Contraindications: Oxycodone Vancomycin Adverse effect: Hypotension Rapid infusion of vancomycin can cause a phenomenon known as Red Man syndrome. The nurse can minimize the risk of this from occurring by slowly infusing the medication over a period of 60 min or longer. Varicella Immunization contraindications: -pregnancy -infection with HIV -altered immune system 12-15 months of age 4-6 years of age second dose can be any time 3 months or later 12 year visit for catch up Zidovudine Adverse effects: severe anemia Epoetin stimulates the RBC production Phenylephrine adverse effects: Increased Heart rate Digoxin Adverse effects: Blurred vision, nausea, dysrhythmias Contraindication: Furosemide Methimazole Therapeutic effects: decreased T4 levels Theophylline Tx: asthma, Bronchodilator Colchine Adverse Effects: abdominal pain Levodopa/Carbidopa Adverse effects: dark urine Timolol -is a beta adrenergic blocking agent used to treat glaucoma. Decreased heart rate is an adverse effect of beta adrenergic blockers, and timolol applied topically to the eye sometimes causes systematic effects. Therefore, the nurse should monitor for bradycardia. Baclofen Therapeutic effect: Isotretinoin Tx: severe acne Monitor triglyceride levels, possible nosebleeds, & teratogenic x Celecoxib Tx: severe pain NSAID contraindication: hx of Myocardial infraction protamine sulfate antidote for heparin signs of Infiltration Edema, both distal and proximal to the site, as well as dependent edema, might indicate an infiltrated IV. An infiltrated IV in the hand will likely present as swollen fingers. Regular insulin Regular insulin is the type of insulin used in the emergency treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis to reduce hyperglycemia and acidosis. It is the only insulin that can be given by IV and it has an onset of action as rapid as 30 min. -Onset side effects: confused, flushed, and has an acetone odor on his breath ATI Pharmacology Study Guide 2020 Enoxoparin Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent deep vein thrombosis after orthopedic and other types of surgery. It is administered only by the subcutaneous route and its duration of action is 12 hr. It is considered safe to allow the client to self-administer this medication. aluminum hydroxide - Tx (heartburn) of GERD and kidney stones - Watch out for constipation Clindomycin Class: antibiotic Adverse effect: watery diarrhea Atropine Class: Anticholinergic Contraindications : glaucoma Tx: pre op med to decrease saliva secretions antispasmodic drug to treat peptic ulcers increase heart rate with bradycardia Carbamazepine Class: Anticonvulsant Tx: seizure, nerve pain, bipolar disorder Adverse effect: Blurred vision Lithium toxicity side effects: Tremors, Metallic taste, neuro symptoms besides parenthesia Tx: mood disorders, prevent episodes of mania Normal levels: 0.6-1.2 -maintain constant sodium intake Amikacin Class: Antibiotic side effects: Ototoxicity, Auditory neurotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Kidney disease with reduction in GFR Furosimide (Lasix) Diuretic Fluid retention Normal potassium levels: 2.5-5 Medication error: administration 10.0 mg po daily should be just (10mg ) Citalopram (Celexa) Class: Antidepressant Tx: depression side effects: Abnormal sexual function, Disorder of ejaculation Glipizide Class: antihyperglycemic TX: monitor high blood sugar levels Lovastatin class: antihyperlipidemic Tx: High cholesterol levels Phenylephrine nasal decongestant Clozapine (Clozaril) Class: antipsychotic adverse effects- agranulocytosis, neutropenia NOT a first-line agent reserved for refractory or treatment-resistant illness Alendronate (Fosamax) Tx: osteoporosis Administration: take with 8oz of water Zidovudine Tx: HIV/AIDs Adverse effects: severe anemia ATI Pharmacology Study Guide 2020 Isotretinoin Nursing interventions: monitor liver enzymes after 1 month, nosebleeds may occur , report any thoughts of self harm, need to obtain 2 neg pregnancy tests Simvastatin tx: high cholesterol adverse effect: muscle pain eplerenone class: diuretic treat HTN, adverse effects; diarrhea, decreased sodium levels, vaginal bleeding, increased potassium levels cause of potassium retention effect Valproic Acid Tx: seizures adverse effects: abdominal pain