Intro to Molecular Cell Biology Test Bank Chapter 3 Exam Questions And Answers. Verified and Updated.

Intro to Molecular Cell Biology Test Bank Chapter 3 Exam Questions And Answers. Verified and Updated. Chemical reactions carried out by living systems depend on the ability of some organisms to capture and use atoms from nonliving sources in the environment. The specific subset of these reactions that break down nutrients in food can be described as _________________. (a) metabolic (b) catabolic (c) anabolic (d) biosynthetic - answer(b) catabolic When there is an excess of nutrients available in the human body, insulin is released to stimulate the synthesis of glycogen from glucose. This is a specific example of a(n) _______________ process, a general process in which larger molecules are made from smaller molecules. (a) metabolic (b) catabolic (c) anabolic (d) biosynthetic - answer(c) anabolic The second law of thermodynamics states that the disorder in any systems is always increasing. In simple terms, you can think about dropping NaCl crystals into a glass of water. The solvation and diffusion of ions is favored because there is an increase in ________________. (a) pH (b) entropy (c) ions (d) stored energy - answer(b) entropy The energy used by the cell to generate specific biological molecules and highly ordered structures is stored in the form of ___________________. EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 24, 2024 1:33:58 PM (a) Brownian motion (b) heat (c) light waves (d) chemical bonds - answer(d) chemical bonds True or false: The second law of thermodynamics states that the total amount of energy in the universe does not change. - answerFalse. The second law states that compounds of any system move toward greater disorder True or false: The ultimate source of energy for living systems is chlorophyll. - answerFalse. The ultimate source of energy is sunlight. True or false: CO2 gas is fixed in a series of reactions that are light-dependent. - answerFalse. The fixation of carbon from CO2 occurs independently of light. True or false: H2 is the most stable form and abundant form of hydrogen in the environment. - answerFalse. The most stable form of hydrogen is H2O. In the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy is converted into what other form of energy? (a) electrical (b) chemical (c) potential (d) kinetic - answer(a) electrical or (d) kinetic Light+________+__________ yields __________+ heat+sugars - answerH2O+CO2, O2 During respiration, energy is retrieved from the high-energy bonds found in certain organic molecules. Which of the following, in addition to energy, are the ultimate products of respiration? (a) CO2, H2O (b) CH3, H2O (c) CH2OH, O2 (d) CO2, O2 - answer(a) CO2, H2O Your body extracts energy from the food you ingest by catalyzing reactions that essentially "burn" the food molecules in a stepwise fashion. What is another way to describe this process? (a) reduction (b) oxidation EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 24, 2024 1:33:58 PM (c) dehydration (d) solvation - answer(b) oxidation Oxidation is a favorable process in an aerobic environment, which is the reason cells are able to derive energy from the oxidation of macromolecules. Once carbon has been oxidized to __________, its most stable form, it can only cycle back into the organic portion of the carbon cycle through ____________________. (a) CO2, photosynthesis (b) CH3, combustion (c) CO2, respiration (d) CO, reduction - answer(a) CO2, photosynthesis What does more reduced mean? - answerhaving more electrons Oxidation is the process by which oxygen atoms are added to a target molecule. Generally, the atom that is oxidized will experience which of the fo