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NSC Exam 4 Study Guide | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version

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What connects the two hemispheres of the brain? - cerebral commissures What is the procedure that separated the two brain hemispheres? - commissurotomy Aphasia - brain damage-induced deficit in the ability to produce or comprehend language What did Broca discover in his research? - He discovered that all the aphasic patients that he saw had damage to their inferior prefrontal cortex. This became known as "Broca's Area" What is apraxia? What causes it? - the inability to perform certain movements when requested our of context (even though they may be physically able to perform them Almost always caused by left-hemisphere damage What is the theory of cerebral dominance? What thinking did it lead to? - One hemisphere (usually the left) assumes a dominant role in controlling complex cognitive and motor functions This was supported by the fact that aphasia and apraxia are both caused by damage to the left hemisphere It led to people referring to the left hemisphere as the "dominant hemisphere" and the right as the "minor hemisphere" What are three tests used to assess the lateralization of the brain besides lesioning the brain? - 1) sodium amytal test 2) the dichotic listening test 3) functional brain imaging sodium amytal test - injection is given through the carotid artery which anesthetizes that hemisphere of the brain, allowing the function of the other side to be assessed Neurosurgeons will use it to see which side of the brain is responsible to language dichotic listening test - three pairs of spoken digits are played into both ears simultaneously (e.g. 1,3,6 in the right and 2,4,8 in the left) They have found that people report hearing more of the digits played in their right ear What is the difference between dextrals and sinestrals with brain lateralization? How do we know? - Dextrals almost always have language lateralized to the left, and sinestrals usually do, but it is more variable We have conformed this from Na amytal tests Are males' brains more lateralized than females? - The evidence is mixed. Males have been seen to suffer more consequences from unilateral strokes, but functional brain imaging has not been able to show increased lateralization What is the largest cerebral commissure? - corpus callosum What 3 things did Meyers and Sperry do to restrict visual info to only one eye? - 1) they cut the corpus callosum - this prevents the hemispheres from communicating 2) the cut the optic chiasm - this prevents signals from the nasal hemiretina from crossing over 3) they blindfolded one eye - this blocked both visual fields in that eye What did Meyers and Sperry find was produced in cats when the optic chiasm was cut? - scotoma (an area of blindness) What did Meyers and Sperry find in they experiment with cats? What was their conclusion? - They found that, in the control group, the cats were unaffected when the eye patch was switched to the other eye. However, the cats went back to zero if their optic chiasm and corpus callosum has been severed They concluded from this that they corpus callosum transfers info between the two hemispheres. What is a common treatment for severe seizures? - commissurotomy of the corpus callosum If an apple was shown in the left visual field of a split brain patient, how could they identify it? How could they not identify it? - The patient would be unable to verbally identify the apple because the right hemisphere is not involved in speech. Therefore, they would say that they didn't see anything. However, they could reach under the table and identify a matching object with their left hand, because it is also controlled by the right hemisphere What is cross-cuing? Give an example - Cross-cuing is wher

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AINS 21 Glossary | 286 Questions with 100 % correct
answers | Verified& Updated 2024 Graded A+

loss exposure - ✔✔any condition or situation that presents the possibility of a loss




law of large numbers - ✔✔a mathematical principle stating that as the number of similar but
independent exposure units increases, the relative accuracy of predictions about future outcomes
(losses) based on these exposure units also increases



exposure unit - ✔✔a measure of the loss exposure assumed by the insurer, used in pricing
insurance



property loss exposure - ✔✔any condition or situation that presents the possibility that a property
loss will happen



real property - ✔✔land, buildings, and other structures attached to the land or embedded in it




personal property - ✔✔all tangible or intangible property that is not real property




net income - ✔✔revenue minus expenses and taxes during a given time period




net income loss - ✔✔an indirect loss caused by a reduction in revenue, an increase in expenses,
or both during a given time period

,liability loss exposure - ✔✔any condition or situation that presents the possibility of a claim
alleging legal responsibility of a person or business for injury or damage suffered by another
party



liability loss - ✔✔a claim for monetary damages because of injury to another party or damage to
another party's property



personal loss exposure - ✔✔any condition or situation that presents the possibility of a financial
loss to an individual or a family by such causes as death, sickness, injury, or unemployment



personnel loss exposure - ✔✔any condition or situation that presents the possibility of a financial
loss to a business because of the death, disability, retirement, or resignation of key employees



indemnify - ✔✔to restore a party who has sustained a loss to the same financial position that
party held before the loss occurred



fire and allied line insurance - ✔✔insurance that covers direct damage to or loss of insured
property



business income insurance (business interruption insurance) - ✔✔insurance that covers the loss
of net income or additional expenses incurred by a business as the result of a covered loss to its
property

,crime insurance - ✔✔insurance that covers money, securities, merchandise, and other property
from various causes of loss such as burglary, robbery, theft, and employee dishonesty



ocean marine insurance - ✔✔insurance that covers ships and their cargo against such causes of
loss as fire, lightning, and "perils of the seas"



inland marine insurance - ✔✔insurance that covers miscellaneous types of property, such as
movable property, goods in domestic transit, and property used in transportation and
communication



auto physical damage insurance - ✔✔insurance that covers loss of or damage to specified
vehicles from collision, fire, theft, or other causes



auto liability insurance - ✔✔insurance that covers an insured's legal liability arising out of the
ownership, maintenance, or use of an automobile



commercial general liability insurance - ✔✔insurance that covers liability loss exposures arising
from a business organization's premises and operations, its products, or its completed work



personal liability insurance - ✔✔insurance that provides liability coverage to individuals and
families for bodily injury and property damage arising from the insured's personal premises or
activities

, professional liability insurance - ✔✔insurance that provides liability coverage to professionals
for errors and omissions arising out of their professional duties



whole life insurance - ✔✔life insurance that provides lifetime protection, accrues cash value, and
has premiums that remain unchanged during the insured's lifetime



cash value - ✔✔the monetary amount, considered to be a form of savings, that accumulates in a
whole life insurance policy



term insurance - ✔✔life insurance that provides coverage for a specified period, such as ten or
twenty years, with no cash value



universal life insurance - ✔✔insurance that provides life insurance protection and a savings
component



medical insurance - ✔✔insurance that covers medical expenses that result from illness or injury




disability income insurance - ✔✔a type of health insurance that provides periodic income
payments to an insured who is unable to work because of sickness or injury



stock insurer - ✔✔an insurer that is owned by its stockholders and formed as a corporation for
the purpose of earning a profit for the stockholders
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