MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH NURSING: CARE OF THE CHILDBEARING & CHILDREARING FAMILY, 7TH EDITION - GLOSSARY

  A - Correct Answers: abortion: - Correct Answers: any interruption of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable (a stage of development that will enable the fetus to survive outside the uterus if born at that time) absorption: - Correct Answers: transfer of a drug from its point of entry in the body into the bloodstream abstinence: - Correct Answers: refraining from sexual intercourse abstract thought: - Correct Answers: final stage in cognitive thought processes; allows problem solving and creating hypotheses accommodation: - Correct Answers: adjustment of the eye to focus on a close image (ophthalmology); the ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived (Piaget) acculturation: - Correct Answers: the process of losing cultural beliefs and values to those of a dominant society acrocyanosis: - Correct Answers: cyanosis (blue color) in the feet and hands acute bilirubin encephalopathy: permanent damage of brain cells caused when high levels (about 20 mg-100 ml) of indirect bilirubin leave the bloodstream and interfere with the chemical synthesis of brain cells acute pain: - Correct Answers: sharp pain, generally occurring abruptly after an injury acyanotic heart disease: heart or circulatory anomalies that involve either a stricture to the flow of blood or a shunt that moves blood from the arterial to the venous system (oxygenated to unoxygenated blood, or left-to-right shunts) adolescence: - Correct Answers: the time period between 13 years and 18 to 20 years adrenarche: - Correct Answers: pubic and axillary hair that occur with puberty adventitious sounds: extra or abnormal breathing sounds affective learning: learning that involves a change in attitude afterload: - Correct Answers: the resistance against which the cardiac ventricles must pump afterpains: - Correct Answers: intermittent cramping due to uterine contraction during involution in the postpartal period age of viability: - Correct Answers: the earliest age at which fetuses could survive if they were born at that time; generally accepted as 24 weeks, or fetuses weighing more than 400 g alleles: - Correct Answers: two like genes allergen: - Correct Answers: antigen that causes the release of mediating substances causing tissue injury and allergic symptoms allogeneic transplantation: - Correct Answers: transfer of body tissues from an immune-compatible (histocompatible) donor allografting: - Correct Answers: transfer of body tissue between two genetically dissimilar individuals Alport's syndrome: - Correct Answers: a progressive chronic glomerulonephritis inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder alternative birthing center: - Correct Answers: a setting for birth separate from a hospital alternative insemination: - Correct Answers: assistive reproductive technique, in which sperm is deposited into a woman's cervix or uterus amblyopia: - Correct Answers: reduced vision in one eye; ―lazy eye‖ amenorrhea: - Correct Answers: absence of a menstrual flow amniocentesis: - Correct Answers: the withdrawal of amniotic fluid from the uterus by means of introduction of a needle through the abdominal and uterine wall amnioinfusion: - Correct Answers: enlarging the amount of amniotic fluid by administration of normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution intravaginally into the uterus amniotic fluid embolism: - Correct Answers: condition in which amniotic fluid is forced into maternal circulation and travels to the lungs as small emboli amniotic membrane: - Correct Answers: the innermost membrane surrounding the fetus; it secretes amniotic fluid amniotomy: - Correct Answers: artificial rupturing of membranes during labor if they do not rupture spontaneously analgesia: - Correct Answers: a medication that reduces or decreases awareness of pain anaphylaxis: - Correct Answers: acute hypersensitivity (type I) reaction characterized by extreme vasodilation that leads to circulatory shock and extreme bronchoconstriction that decreases the airway lumens andrology: - Correct Answers: the branch of medicine that treats the male and diseases specific to the male sex anesthesia: - Correct Answers: a medication that causes partial or complete loss of sensation anhedonia: - Correct Answers: inability to remember the last time when a person felt happy or had a good time ankle clonus: - Correct Answers: continued motion of the foot ankyloglossia: - Correct Answers: an abnormal restriction of the tongue caused by an abnormally tight frenulum anovulation: - Correct Answers: faulty or inadequate release of ova anoxia: - Correct Answers: lack of oxygen in body cells anteflexion: - Correct Answers: a uterus that is bent forward just above the cervix anteversion: - Correct Answers: a uterus that is tipped abnormally forward including the cervix anticipatory grief: - Correct Answers: preparatory phase in which people gradually incorporate the reality of impending death into their thoughts antigen: - Correct Answers: any foreign substance (molecule) capable of stimulating an immune response antiphospholipid antibodies: antibodies that attack phospholipids, often associated with an autoimmune disorder antitoxins: - Correct Answers: antibodies against toxin-producing bacteria apnea: - Correct Answers: pause in respirations longer than 20 seconds with accompanying bradycardia apparent life-threatening event (ALTE): an episode in which an infant is cyanotic and limp in bed but survives after mouth-to-mouth resuscitation apposition: - Correct Answers: the amount of end-to-end contact of bone fragments appropriate for gestational age (AGA): newborn who falls between the 10th and 90th percentile of weight for age regardless of gestational age areola: - Correct Answers: the pigmented circle surrounding the nipple arterial blood gases (ABGs): the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood arthroscopy: - Correct Answers: direct visualization of a joint with a fiberoptic instrument aspermia: - Correct Answers: absence of sperm aspiration: - Correct Answers: inhalation of a foreign object into the airway aspiration studies: - Correct Answers: studies involving the removal of body fluids by such techniques as lumbar puncture or bone marrow aspiration assimilation: - Correct Answers: changing a situation or one's perception of it to fit one's thoughts astereognosis: - Correct Answers: difficulty identifying objects placed in the hand when the eyes are closed astigmatism: - Correct Answers: congenital or acquired unevenness of the curvature of the cornea atelectasis: - Correct Answers: collapse of alveoli atopic dermatitis: - Correct Answers: an itchy inflammation of the skin, primarily affecting infants; also known as infantile eczema atresia: - Correct Answers: complete closure of a body opening attachment: - Correct Answers: successful bonding between a woman and her newborn attitude: - Correct Answers: the degree of head flexion a fetus assumes during labor, or the relation of the fetal parts to each other audiogram: - Correct Answers: a test to measure hearing augmentation of labor: - Correct Answers: assisting labor that has started spontaneously to be more effective auscultation: - Correct Answers: listening with the aid of a stethoscope autografting: - Correct Answers: transplantation of tissue from one part of the body to another in the same individual autoimmunity: - Correct Answers: an inability to distinguish self from nonself, causing the immune system to carry out immune responses against normal cells and tissue autologous transplantation: - Correct Answers: transplantation using the person's own previously removed tissue automatisms: - Correct Answers: complex purposeless movements, such as lip smacking or fumbling hand movements autonomic dysreflexia: - Correct Answers: a powerful sympathetic reflex reaction that causes signs of hypertension, tachycardia, flushed face, and severe occipital headache autonomy: - Correct Answers: independence autonomy versus shame or doubt: - Correct Answers: developmental task of the toddler; learning to be independent and make decisions for self azotemia: - Correct Answers: accumulation of nitrogen waste in the bloodstream B - Correct Answers: baby-bottle syndrome: - Correct Answers: decay of all the upper teeth and the lower posterior teeth, usually due to putting an infant to bed with a bottle balloon angioplasty: - Correct Answers: procedure usually by way of cardiac catheterization in which a catheter with an uninflated balloon at its tip is inserted and passed through the heart into a stenosed valve; as the balloon is inflated, it breaks valve adhesions and may relieve the stenosis ballottement: - Correct Answers: the sensation of an object rebounding after being pushed by an examining hand; used for pregnancy diagnosis bariatric surgery: - Correct Answers: weight-control method to reduce overeating by surgically reducing stomach size barrier method: - Correct Answers: a method of reproductive life planning in which sperm are prevented from entering the cervix basal body temperature: - Correct Answers: temperature of the body at rest battledore placenta: - Correct Answers: a placenta with the cord inserted marginally rather than centrally behavioral therapy: - Correct Answers: a system of rewarding a person for desired behavior and ignoring or punishing the person for undesired behavior; also called ―behavior modification‖ beriberi: - Correct Answers: deficiency of vitamin B1 involving tingling and numbness of extremities, heart palpitations, and exhaustion bicornuate uterus: - Correct Answers: a uterus that has two fundal horns; it may have an accompanying septum bifidus factor: - Correct Answers: specific growth-promoting factor for the bacteria Lactobacillus bifidus whose presence in breast milk interferes with colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract binge eating: - Correct Answers: episodes of uncontrollable intake of large amounts of food over a specified period of time binocular vision: - Correct Answers: ability to fuse two images into one biologic gender: - Correct Answers: a person's chromosomal sexual designation of being male (XY) or female (XX) biopsy: - Correct Answers: surgical removal of tissue cells for laboratory analysis birthing bed: - Correct Answers: a bed specifically prepared for birth birthing chair: - Correct Answers: a chair used in labor and birth birthing room: - Correct Answers: a specifically prepared room for aiding comfort, safety, and conduct of birth blended family: - Correct Answers: a remarried or reconstituted family blood dyscrasias: - Correct Answers: hematologic disorders body mass index: - Correct Answers: determination of body weight by comparing height to weight (weight divided by height squared) bonding: - Correct Answers: successful linking between a woman and her newborn boomerang generation: - Correct Answers: young adults returning home to live with their family after college of a failed relationship Braxton Hicks contractions: - Correct Answers: painless, erratic uterine contractions that occur toward the end of pregnancy; they ready the cervix for labor, but cervical dilation does not occur with them breech presentation: - Correct Answers: fetal presentation in which either the buttocks or feet are the first body parts to contact the cervix broken fluency: - Correct Answers: repetition and prolongation of sounds, syllables, and words bronchoscopy: - Correct Answers: a procedure in which a bronchoscope, a specially designed tube, is passed through the nose or mouth to observe the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli brown fat: - Correct Answers: the special tissue present in newborns to maintain body temperature bruit: - Correct Answers: a swishing or blowing sound that occurs with turbulent blood flow, such as if there is an outpouching of the aorta bruxism: - Correct Answers: grinding the teeth during sleep C - Correct Answers: calorie counting: - Correct Answers: counting the number of calories that a person ingests in 1 day caput succedaneum: - Correct Answers: edema of the scalp at the presenting part of the head cardiac catheterization: - Correct Answers: a procedure in which a small radiopaque catheter is passed through a major vein in the arm, leg, or neck into the heart to secure blood samples or inject dye, to evaluate cardiac function cardinal movements of labor: - Correct Answers: position changes to keep the smallest diameter of the fetal head (in cephalic presentations) always presenting to the smallest diameter of the birth canal (descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and expulsion) caries: - Correct Answers: dental cavities carpopedal spasm: - Correct Answers: abduction of the hand and flexion of the wrist with the thumb positioned across the palm cartilage: - Correct Answers: connective tissue case management nursing: - Correct Answers: one nurse being in charge of a patient's care from admission to discharge catarrhal stage: - Correct Answers: inflammation of the nose and throat during infectious diseases catatonia: - Correct Answers: immobility caudal regression syndrome: - Correct Answers: hypoplasia of the lower extremities occurring primarily in infants of diabetic mothers cavernous hemangioma: - Correct Answers: type of birthmark evidenced as a dilated vascular space cell-mediated immunity: - Correct Answers: type of immune response due to T-lymphocyte activity centering: - Correct Answers: focusing on only one aspect of an object or situation central cyanosis: - Correct Answers: cyanosis of the trunk cephalic presentation: - Correct Answers: fetal presentation in which the head is the body part that first contacts the cervix cephalocaudal: - Correct Answers: relating to head and tail; progression of development in a fetus and child cephalohematoma: - Correct Answers: collection of blood under the periosteum of the skull bone caused by pressure at birth cervical cap: - Correct Answers: a latex barrier method of contraception that fits over the uterine cervix cervical cerclage: - Correct Answers: suturing of the cervix to maintain a pregnancy to prevent premature cervical dilatation cesarean birth: - Correct Answers: birth accomplished through an incision into the uterus Chadwick's sign: - Correct Answers: discolorization of vaginal walls from pink to violet chain of infection: - Correct Answers: method by which organisms are spread and enter a new individual to cause disease chemotaxis: - Correct Answers: ―calling‖ leukocytes into the area chemotherapeutic agent: - Correct Answers: one that is capable of destroying malignant cells chief concern: - Correct Answers: the reason the parents or patient has come to the health care agency chloasma: - Correct Answers: extra pigment on the face choreiform movements: - Correct Answers: aimless movements choreoathetosis: - Correct Answers: rapid, purposeless movements choreoid: - Correct Answers: irregular and jerking movements chorioamnionitis: - Correct Answers: infection of the fetal membranes and amniotic fluid chorionic membrane: - Correct Answers: the outer fetal membrane chorionic villi: - Correct Answers: projections of the trophoblast that produce human chorionic gonadotropin and begin osmosis of nutrients to the embryo chromosome: - Correct Answers: the structure that weaves genes into strands in the nucleus of all body cells chronic pain: - Correct Answers: pain that lasts for a prolonged period of time (often defined as 6 months' time) clarifying: - Correct Answers: repeating statements others have made so that both parties can be certain the meaning is understood class inclusion: - Correct Answers: the ability to understand that objects can belong to more than one classification classic cesarean incision: - Correct Answers: an incision that is made vertically through both the abdominal skin and the uterus clean-catch urine specimen: - Correct Answers: urine specimen obtained after the urinary meatus has been cleaned cleansing breath: - Correct Answers: a deep breath taken at the beginning and end of breathing exercises during labor that helps prevent hyperventilation cleft lip: - Correct Answers: failure of the maxillary and median nasal processes to fuse normally cleft palate: - Correct Answers: an opening of the palate client advocacy: - Correct Answers: safeguarding and advancing the interests of clients and their families clubbing: - Correct Answers: a change in the angle between the fingernail and nailbed because of increased capillary growth in the fingertips; a response to hypoxia cognitive development: - Correct Answers: the acquisition of the ability to think and reason cognitive learning: - Correct Answers: learning that involves a change in the individual's level of understanding or knowledge coitus: - Correct Answers: sexual relations coitus interruptus: - Correct Answers: a method of contraception in which the penis is withdrawn from the vagina before ejaculation colonoscopy: - Correct Answers: a procedure in which a colonoscope, a specially designed tube, is passed through the anus to examine the rectum or colon colostrum: - Correct Answers: a thin, watery, yellow fluid composed of protein, sugar, fat, water, minerals, vitamins, and maternal antibodies that precedes breast milk comedones: - Correct Answers: the lesions of acne vulgaris; ―blackheads‖ communication: - Correct Answers: the exchange of ideas between two or more persons community: - Correct Answers: a limited geographic area in which the residents relate to and interact among themselves compartment syndrome: - Correct Answers: phenomenon that can occur when a cast or tight constrictive dressing puts pressure on an enclosed space complement protein: - Correct Answers: a special body protein that is capable of lysing cells; composed of 20 different proteins that are normally nonfunctional molecules but become active with the immune response complex vocal tics: - Correct Answers: repeated use of words or phrases out of context complicated grief: - Correct Answers: chronic sorrow that arises when one does not arrive at the final stage of grief (acceptance) computed tomography (CT): - Correct Answers: x-ray procedure in which many views of an organ or body part are made to represent what the organ would look like if it were cut into thin slices conditioned reflex: - Correct Answers: a reflex to respond to a specific stimulus developed by training condom: - Correct Answers: a latex barrier method of contraception worn on the penis (a male condom) or inserted vaginally (a female condom); provides some protection against STIs as well conduction: - Correct Answers: transfer of body heat to a cooler solid object in contact with the body congestive heart failure: - Correct Answers: a condition in which the myocardium of the heart cannot pump and circulate enough blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to body cells conjunctivitis: - Correct Answers: commonly called ―pink eye‖ by parents; an infection of the conjunctiva that covers the eye conscious relaxation: - Correct Answers: deliberately relaxing one set of muscles, then another, and another until the body is completely relaxed conscious sedation: - Correct Answers: a state of depressed consciousness obtained by IV analgesia therapy consciously controlled breathing: - Correct Answers: deliberately spaced breathing to achieve a desired rate conservation: - Correct Answers: property of an object when a change in form does not equate to a change in size or amount contraceptive: - Correct Answers: a method or device to prevent the fertilization of the human ovum contractility: - Correct Answers: the ability of the ventricles to stretch; refers to the force of contraction generated by the myocardial muscle contrecoup injury: - Correct Answers: an injury resulting from a blow to one side of the skull that causes the brain to rebound and then injure the opposite side convalescent period: - Correct Answers: interval between when infectious symptoms begin to fade and the patient returns to full wellness convection: - Correct Answers: flow of heat from the body surface to cooler surrounding air coprolalia: - Correct Answers: use of socially unacceptable words, usually obscenities couvade syndrome: - Correct Answers: somatic symptoms experienced by the father during pregnancy simulating those of the pregnant mother Couvelaire uterus: - Correct Answers: uteroplacental apoplexy due to blood entering the uterine musculature crowning: - Correct Answers: the appearance of the fetal head at the perineum just before birth cryptorchidism: - Correct Answers: failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum culdoscopy: - Correct Answers: the introduction of an endoscope through the posterior vaginal wall to view the pelvic organs cultural awareness: - Correct Answers: being aware that we all live and function within a culture of our own and that our identity is shaped by it cultural competence: - Correct Answers: capacity to work effectively and with people, integrating elements of their culture—vocabulary, values, attitudes, rules, and norms cultural humility: - Correct Answers: lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique that begins, not with an assessment of a client's belief, but rather an assessment of your own cultural values: - Correct Answers: preferred ways of acting based on cultural traditions culture: - Correct Answers: the learned way of life of a community or society culture specific: - Correct Answers: values, norms, and patterns of behavior unique to one culture culture universal: - Correct Answers: values, norms, and patterns of behavior shared across almost all cultures cutaneous pain: - Correct Answers: pain that arises from superficial structures such as the skin and mucous membrane cyanosis: - Correct Answers: a blue tinge to the skin indicating hypoxia cyanotic heart disease: - Correct Answers: cardiac anomaly when blood is shunted from the venous to the arterial system as a result of abnormal communication between the two (deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood; right-to-left shunt) cystocele: - Correct Answers: a pouching of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall cytogenetics: - Correct Answers: study of chromosomes by light microscopy and the method by which chromosomal aberrations are identified cytomegalovirus: - Correct Answers: a member of the herpes virus family; teratogen that can cause extensive damage to a fetus yet causes few symptoms in the woman cytotoxic response: - Correct Answers: cells are detected as foreign and immunoglobulins directly attack and destroy the cells without harming surrounding tissue D - Correct Answers: death: - Correct Answers: end of life; officially determined by unreceptivity and unresponsivity; no spontaneous muscular movement or breath; no reflex response; and a flat electroencephalogram debridement: - Correct Answers: the removal of foreign material from a burn or wound decentering: - Correct Answers: projecting the self into other peoples' situations and see the world from their viewpoint decerebrate posturing: - Correct Answers: typical posture occurring when the midbrain is not functional; characterized by rigid extension and adduction of arms and pronation of the wrists with the fingers flexed; legs extended and the feet plantar flexed deciduous teeth: - Correct Answers: temporary teeth that are replaced by permanent teeth at around age 6 to 7 years decorticate posturing: - Correct Answers: posture with arms abducted and flexed on the chest with wrists flexed, hands fisted; lower extremities extended and internally rotated; feet plantar flexed; denotes brainstem involvement deep tendon reflexes: - Correct Answers: neurologic reflexes such as triceps, biceps, patellar, and Achilles reflexes deep vein thrombosis (DVT): - Correct Answers: formation of thrombus (blood clot) in the deep veins secondary to stasis, vessel damage, and hypercoagulation deferred imitation: - Correct Answers: ability to remember an action and imitate it later dehiscence: - Correct Answers: the separation of a muscle or surgical incision dehydration: - Correct Answers: an excessive loss of body water delayed hypersensitivity: - Correct Answers: T-lymphocyte activity occurring solely without an accompanying humoral response demonstration: - Correct Answers: the showing of a procedure to stimulate learning dermatoglyphics: the study of surface markings of the skin development: - Correct Answers: an increase in ability (a qualitative change) developmental care: - Correct Answers: care designed to meet the specific needs of each infant developmental hip dysplasia: - Correct Answers: (often referred to as congenital hip dysplasia) improper formation and function of the hip socket developmental milestone: - Correct Answers: major marker of normal development developmental task: - Correct Answers: a skill or a growth responsibility arising at a particular time, the successful achievement of which will provide a foundation for the accomplishment of future tasks diagonal conjugate: - Correct Answers: distance between the anterior surface of the sacral prominence and the anterior surface of the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis dialysis: - Correct Answers: separation and removal of solutes from body fluid by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane diaphragm: - Correct Answers: a mechanical barrier contraceptive device fitted over the cervix in the woman diaphragmatic excursion: - Correct Answers: distance the diaphragm moves as measured from inspiration to expiration diaphysis: - Correct Answers: central shaft of a long bone diastasis: - Correct Answers: overstretching and separation of the rectus muscle diastole: - Correct Answers: relaxation of the heart chambers dilatation: - Correct Answers: widening of the opening of the cervix in labor diplegia: - Correct Answers: (paraplegia); paralysis of the lower extremities diplopia: - Correct Answers: double vision direct care: - Correct Answers: a nurse remains in continual attendance or visits frequently and actually administers care discipline: - Correct Answers: setting rules so people know what is expected discrimination: - Correct Answers: action of treating people differently based on their physical or cultural traits distraction: - Correct Answers: (a) a technique that allows the cells of the brainstem that register an impulse as pain to be preoccupied with other stimuli so the pain impulse cannot register; (b) use of an external device to separate opposing bones, thus encouraging new bone growth distribution: - Correct Answers: movement of a drug through the bloodstream to the specific site of action diversity: - Correct Answers: a mixture or variety of lifestyles and beliefs in a population doula: - Correct Answers: a person without professional experience who guides and assists a woman in labor drowning: - Correct Answers: asphyxiation because of submersion in a liquid dysfunctional labor: - Correct Answers: previously termed inertia; occurrence of sluggishness of contractions, or the force of labor dyskinetic: - Correct Answers: disordered muscle tone dyslexia: - Correct Answers: reading impairment disorder in which letters or words are reversed dysmature: - Correct Answers: newborn who is before term or postterm or is underweight or overweight for gestational age dysmenorrhea: - Correct Answers: painful menstruation dyspareunia: - Correct Answers: pain on sexual intercourse dystocia: - Correct Answers: difficult labor E - Correct Answers: early pregnancy failure: - Correct Answers: when a fetus dies in utero but is not expelled; also termed ―missed miscarriage‖ echolalia: - Correct Answers: repeating words or phrases spoken by others eclampsia: - Correct Answers: development of a seizure from gestational hypertension ecomap: - Correct Answers: a diagram of the family's interactions within the community ectomorphic body build: - Correct Answers: having a slim body build ectopic pregnancy: - Correct Answers: one in which implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity effacement: - Correct Answers: thinning of the cervix in labor effleurage: - Correct Answers: light massage done by the fingertips egocentrism: - Correct Answers: perceiving that one's thoughts and needs are better or more important than those of others eighth-month anxiety: - Correct Answers: fear of strangers that peaks during the eighth month elective cesarean birth: - Correct Answers: when a cesarean birth is chosen by a woman for convenience or to prevent potential urinary or anal incontinence later in life elective termination of pregnancy: - Correct Answers: termination of a pregnancy by medical intervention Electra complex: strong emotional attachment of a preschool girl to her father (Freud) electrical impulse studies: - Correct Answers: those that include electrical conduction emancipated minor: - Correct Answers: a person before the age of majority who is free from the custody, care, and control of his or her parents and is capable of health care decisions; a pregnant adolescent embryo: - Correct Answers: term for the products of conception during the intrauterine growth period from the time following implantation until organogenesis is complete (tenth day to 5 to 8 weeks) empathy: - Correct Answers: the ability to put yourself in another's place and experience a feeling as that person does en face position: - Correct Answers: a position in which a caregiver's face and an infant's face look directly at each other enanthem: - Correct Answers: rash on the mucous membrane endometriosis: - Correct Answers: abnormal growth of extrauterine endometrial cells, often in the cul-de-sac of the peritoneal cavity, the uterine ligaments, and the ovaries endometritis: - Correct Answers: an infection of the endometrium, the lining of the uterus endomorphic body build: - Correct Answers: having a large body build endorphins: - Correct Answers: naturally occurring opiate-like substances in the body endoscopy: - Correct Answers: a procedure in which an endoscope, a specially designed tube, is passed through the mouth to examine the gastrointestinal tract engagement: - Correct Answers: settling of the fetal head into the pelvis during labor engorgement: - Correct Answers: breast distention with swelling caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts engrossment: - Correct Answers: staring at the newborn in the en face position for long intervals enucleation: - Correct Answers: eye removal enuresis: - Correct Answers: involuntary passage of urine past the age when a child should be expected to have attained bladder control environmental control: - Correct Answers: as many common allergens as possible are removed from the environment epidural analgesia: - Correct Answers: injection of an analgesic agent into the epidural space just outside the spinal canal, to provide analgesia to the lower body for 12 to 24 hours epiphyseal plate: - Correct Answers: area where the increase in the length of long bones occurs epiphysis: - Correct Answers: rounded end portion of a long bone episiotomy: - Correct Answers: surgical incision of the perineum to prevent tearing and to release pressure on the fetal head with birth epispadias: - Correct Answers: opening of the urinary meatus on the dorsal or superior surface of the penis erectile dysfunction: - Correct Answers: impotence; the inability to achieve erection in order to complete a sex act erosion: - Correct Answers: inflammation of the epithelium of the cervical canal spreading onto the area surrounding the os, giving the cervix a reddened appearance erythema toxicum: - Correct Answers: newborn rash that usually appears in the 1st to 4th day of life; sometimes called a flea-bite rash erythroblastosis fetalis: - Correct Answers: see hemolytic disease of the newborn erythroblasts: - Correct Answers: large, nucleated early red blood cells erythrocytes: - Correct Answers: red blood cells erythropoietin: - Correct Answers: a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell development escharotomy: - Correct Answers: a surgical incision into the hard crust that forms over a burn esotropia: - Correct Answers: condition in which the eye is always turning in estimated date of birth: the predicted date on which a baby will be born (also estimated date of confinement, or EDC) ethnicity: - Correct Answers: the cultural group into which a person is born ethnocentrism: - Correct Answers: the belief that one's own values or beliefs are superior to others evaporation: - Correct Answers: loss of heat through conversion of a liquid to a vapor evidence-based practice: - Correct Answers: the use of research or controlled investigation of a problem using a scientific method in conjunction with clinical expertise as acquired through experience and practice as a foundation for action Ewing sarcoma: - Correct Answers: malignant tumor occurring most often in the bone marrow of the diaphyseal area (midshaft) of long bones exanthem: - Correct Answers: a skin rash excretion: - Correct Answers: elimination of raw drug or drug metabolites, a process that largely prevents properly administered drugs from becoming toxic exophthalmos: - Correct Answers: protrusion of the eyeballs exotoxins: - Correct Answers: poisons produced by some bacteria exotropia: - Correct Answers: condition in which the eye is always turning outward expiration: - Correct Answers: carbon dioxide-filled air discharged to the outside exstrophy of the bladder: - Correct Answers: midline closure defect occurring during the embryonic period of gestation (first 8 weeks) and resulting in the bladder lying open and exposed on the abdomen external cephalic version: - Correct Answers: turning of a fetus from a breech to a cephalic position before birth extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): - Correct Answers: mechanical means of oxygenating blood extrusion reflex: - Correct Answers: a tongue reflex in infants that expels solid objects from the mouth; fades at 4 months F - Correct Answers: failure to thrive: - Correct Answers: also called reactive attachment disorder; unique syndrome in which an infant falls below the fifth percentile for weight and height on a standard growth chart or is falling in percentiles on a growth chart family: - Correct Answers: two or more people who live in the same household (usually), share a common emotional bond, and perform certain interrelated social tasks family-centered nursing: - Correct Answers: the concept that clients do not exist outside a family; the family rather than an individual is considered the client family of orientation: - Correct Answers: one's birth family: oneself, mother, father, and siblings family of procreation: - Correct Answers: one's marriage family: oneself, spouse, and children feedback: - Correct Answers: a reply to communication indicating that the message has been received and interpreted fertile days: - Correct Answers: days on which a woman has the most likely chance to become pregnant fertility awareness: - Correct Answers: a method of contraception based on analyzing the consistency of vaginal secretions fertility rate: - Correct Answers: the proportion of women who could have babies who are having them fertilization: - Correct Answers: the union of the sperm and ovum fetal alcohol spectrum: - Correct Answers: conditions associated with an infant born to a woman who uses alcohol during pregnancy; infant has high incidence of characteristic craniofacial deformity including short palpebral fissures, thin upper lip, and upturned nose, as well as cognitive impairment fetal descent: - Correct Answers: sinking of the fetus in the birth canal just prior to birth (one of six cardinal movements of labor) fetal position: - Correct Answers: relationship of the presenting part to a specific quadrant and side of a woman's pelvis fetoscopy: - Correct Answers: the visualization of the fetus by inspection through a fetoscope fetus: - Correct Answers: the developing structure from the eighth week postfertilization until birth fibrocystic breast disease: - Correct Answers: benign multiple cysts in the breasts fistula: - Correct Answers: abnormal opening flat affect: - Correct Answers: not revealing feelings fomites: - Correct Answers: inanimate objects, such as soil, food, water, bedding, towels, combs, or drinking glasses, that provide a means of infection transmission foramen ovale: - Correct Answers: an opening between the atria of the heart during intrauterine life fore milk: - Correct Answers: constantly forming breast milk formal operational thought: - Correct Answers: final stage of cognitive development, involving the ability to think in abstract terms and use the scientific method to arrive at conclusions fovea centralis: - Correct Answers: (the center of the macula); an area of closely packed cones on the retinas where color is best perceived fracture: - Correct Answers: break in the continuity or structure of bone frenulum: - Correct Answers: the membrane attached to the lower anterior tip of the tongue G - Correct Answers: gamma globulin: - Correct Answers: serum obtained from the pooled blood of many people; rich in antibodies gastroesophageal reflux: - Correct Answers: (commonly called achalasia in infants) a neuromuscular disturbance in which the gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter and the lower portion of the esophagus are lax, allowing easy regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus gastroschisis: - Correct Answers: an abdominal wall disorder that occurs a distance from the umbilicus, usually to the right, and the abdominal organs spill freely from the abdominal wall gating control theory of pain perception: - Correct Answers: a theory of how pain impulses can be interrupted before they travel between a site of injury and the brain where the impulse is actually registered as pain gay: - Correct Answers: socially preferred term for men who have sex with men gender identity: - Correct Answers: the inner sense of being male or female, which may be the same as or different from biologic gender gender role: - Correct Answers: the behavior a person conveys about being male or female generativity versus stagnation: developmental task of the middle-aged adult; learning to extend concern from just themselves and their families to the community and the world genes: - Correct Answers: basic units of heredity that determine both the physical and mental characteristics of people genogram: - Correct Answers: a diagram of family structure depicting essential family relationships; the interactive roles that exist in a family genome: - Correct Answers: complete set of genes present genotype: - Correct Answers: actual gene composition genu valgus: - Correct Answers: knock-knees geographic tongue: - Correct Answers: term for the rough-appearing tongue surface that often accompanies general symptoms of illness such as fever gestational age: - Correct Answers: number of weeks fetus remained in utero gestational trophoblastic disease: - Correct Answers: proliferation and degeneration of the trophoblastic villi glomerular filtration rate: - Correct Answers: rate at which substances are filtered from the blood to the urine glomerulonephritis: - Correct Answers: inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney glucose tolerance test: - Correct Answers: a test of the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrate by measuring the serum glucose level after ingestion of a fixed amount of glucose glycogen loading: - Correct Answers: depleting, then replenishing glycogen stores by altering carbohydrate intake, to store extra glycogen for the purpose of sustaining energy through an athletic event glycosuria: - Correct Answers: excess glucose in the urine glycosylated hemoglobin: - Correct Answers: measure of the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin gonad: - Correct Answers: a sex gland; an ovary in the female; a testis in the male goniotomy: - Correct Answers: surgical procedure used to treat congenital glaucoma Goodell's sign: - Correct Answers: softening of the cervix; a probable sign of pregnancy granulocytes: - Correct Answers: white blood cells with granules in the cell cytoplasm graphesthesia: - Correct Answers: ability to recognize a shape that has been traced on the skin gravida: - Correct Answers: number of times a woman has been pregnant, including the present pregnancy; a pregnant woman grief process: - Correct Answers: regulated steps in grieving growth: - Correct Answers: an increase in size; a quantitative change gynecology: - Correct Answers: the study of the female reproductive organs and female disorders gynecomastia: - Correct Answers: enlargement of the breasts; excess development of male breast tissue; a transient occurrence in normal adolescence H - Correct Answers: hand regard: - Correct Answers: infants holding their hands in front of their face and studying their fingers for long periods of time Hawthorne effect: - Correct Answers: an improvement in behavior because of being studied health literacy: - Correct Answers: an individual's ability to read, understand, and use health care information to make decisions and follow instructions hebephile: - Correct Answers: an adult who seeks out pubescent children for sexual gratification Hegar's sign: - Correct Answers: softening of the lower uterine segment; a probable sign of pregnancy HELLP syndrome: - Correct Answers: a variation of gestational hypertension named for the common symptoms that occur: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets hemangioma: - Correct Answers: vascular tumor of the skin hemiplegia: - Correct Answers: paralysis of both extremities on one side hemochromatosis: - Correct Answers: deposition of iron in body tissues from destruction of red blood cells hemolysis: - Correct Answers: destruction of red blood cells hemolytic disease of the newborn: - Correct Answers: condition involving red blood cell destruction in the fetus who is Rh positive and whose mother is Rh negative hemorrhagic disease of the newborn: - Correct Answers: newborn bleeding disorder resulting from a deficiency of vitamin K hemosiderosis: - Correct Answers: deposition of iron in body tissues hermaphrodite: - Correct Answers: having both ovaries and testes Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2): - Correct Answers: sexually transmitted infection spread by intimate contact heterozygous trait: - Correct Answers: having two different or unlike genes for a designated characteristic high-risk pregnancy: - Correct Answers: one in which a concurrent disorder, pregnancy-related complication, or external factor jeopardizes the health of the mother and or fetus hind milk: - Correct Answers: new breast milk formed after the let-down reflex Homans' sign: - Correct Answers: pain in the calf on dorsiflexion of the foot home care: - Correct Answers: care of people in their own home, provided by or supervised through a certified home health care or community health care agency homozygous trait: - Correct Answers: having two like genes for a designated characteristic hordeolum: - Correct Answers: an infection of an eyelash hormones: - Correct Answers: chemicals produced by ductless glands of the endocrine system hospice care: - Correct Answers: care of the person with a terminal disease; can be cared for at home humoral immunity: - Correct Answers: immunity created by antibody production or B-lymphocyte involvement hydramnios: - Correct Answers: an excessive amount of amniotic fluid (generally over 2000 ml) hydrocele: - Correct Answers: collection of fluid in the scrotal sac hydrocephalus: - Correct Answers: an excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles and subarachnoid spaces of the brain hydronephrosis: - Correct Answers: enlargement of the pelvis of the kidney with urine as a result of back-pressure in the ureter hydrops fetalis: - Correct Answers: old term for the appearance of a severely involved infant with Rh incompatibility at birth hyperactivity: - Correct Answers: excess movement hyperbilirubinemia: - Correct Answers: increased serum bilirubin hypercholesterolemia: - Correct Answers: greater than usual levels of cholesterol in the blood hyperglycemia: - Correct Answers: increased blood glucose level hyperopia: - Correct Answers: farsightedness hypersensitivity response: - Correct Answers: excessive antigen-antibody response when the invading organism is an allergen rather than a simple immunogen hypertension: - Correct Answers: elevated blood pressure hypertonic uterine contractions: - Correct Answers: contractions with an increase in resting tone to more than 15 mm Hg hypertrophy: - Correct Answers: an increase in the size of an organ because the cells have increased in size rather than number hypoglycemia: - Correct Answers: decreased blood glucose level hyposensitization: - Correct Answers: immunotherapy; a process to diminish an allergic response hypospadias: - Correct Answers: urethral defect in which the urethral opening is not at the end of the penis but on the ventral (lower) aspect of the penis hypothalamus: - Correct Answers: an organ located in the center of the brain that is the regulator of the autonomic nervous system hypoxemia: - Correct Answers: deficient oxygenation of the blood hypoxia: - Correct Answers: inadequate oxygenation of body tissue I - Correct Answers: identity versus inferiority: - Correct Answers: developmental task of adolescents; learning who they are and what kind of person they will be immune response: - Correct Answers: body's action plan devised to combat invading organisms or substances by leukocyte and antibody activity immunogen: - Correct Answers: substance (antigen) that can be readily destroyed by an immune response implantation: - Correct Answers: nidation; the attachment of the zygote to the uterine endometrium imprinting: - Correct Answers: differential expression of genetic material that allows researchers to identify whether the chromosomal material has come from the male or female parent incest: - Correct Answers: sexual activity between family members in vitro fertilization (IVF): - Correct Answers: the union of sperm and ovum under laboratory conditions incomplete protein: - Correct Answers: a protein that does not contain all of the essential amino acids incubation period: - Correct Answers: time between the invasion of an organism and the onset of symptoms of infection indirect care: - Correct Answers: the nurse plans and supervises care given by others, such as home health care aides or parents induction of labor: - Correct Answers: labor that is artificially started infantile spasms: - Correct Answers: a form of generalized seizures—‖salaam‖ and ―jackknife‖—or infantile myoclonicseizures, characterized by very rapid movements inguinal hernia: - Correct Answers: protrusion of a section of the bowel into the inguinal ring initiative versus guilt: - Correct Answers: developmental task of preschoolers; learning how to do things (basic problem solving) and that doing things is desirable innocent heart murmur: - Correct Answers: heart murmur of no significance; also called insignificant or functional heart murmur insensible loss: - Correct Answers: fluid loss occurring as a result of evaporation from skin and lungs and from saliva inspection: - Correct Answers: visual observation to determine health inspiration: - Correct Answers: delivery of warmed moistened air via the respiratory system to the alveoli integrity versus despair: - Correct Answers: developmental task of the older adult; learning to feel good about life and the choices they have made intelligence: - Correct Answers: ability to think abstractly, to adjust to new situations, and to profit from experience intercostal spaces: - Correct Answers: spaces between the ribs interferon: - Correct Answers: a protein that protects against viruses intermittent infusion devices: - Correct Answers: (heparin locks) devices that maintain open venous access for medicine administration, yet allow patients to be free of intravenous tubing so that they can be out of bed and more active intimacy versus isolation: - Correct Answers: developmental task of the young adult; learning to relate well with other people, not only with members of the opposite sex but also with one's own sex to form long-lasting friendships intimate partner violence: - Correct Answers: maltreatment by a family member against another adult living in the household intracath: - Correct Answers: a slim, pliable catheter threaded into a vein intrauterine device (IUD): - Correct Answers: a contraceptive device inserted into the uterine cavity intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): - Correct Answers: failure to grow at the expected rate in utero intuitional thought: - Correct Answers: a stage of preschool thinking in which children can only see one characteristic of an object (centering) intussusception: - Correct Answers: invagination of one portion of the intestine into another involution: - Correct Answers: the process whereby the reproductive organs return to their nonpregnant state ischial tuberosity diameter: - Correct Answers: distance between the ischial tuberosities, or the transverse diameter of the outlet (the narrowest diameter at that level or the one most apt to cause a misfit) isochromosome: - Correct Answers: chromosome with mismatched long and short arms, caused by horizontal division isoimmunization: - Correct Answers: production of antibodies against Rh-positive blood in a fetus by a woman's immunologic system J - Correct Answers: jaundice: - Correct Answers: yellowing of the skin K - Correct Answers: karyotype: - Correct Answers: a visual presentation of chromosomes keratomalacia: - Correct Answers: necrosis of the cornea with perforation, loss of ocular fluid, and blindness ketoacidosis: - Correct Answers: a lowered serum pH resulting from accumulation of ketones kinesthesia: - Correct Answers: ability to distinguish movement Koplik's spots: - Correct Answers: small, irregular, bright red spots with a blue-white center point, appearing on the buccal membrane with measles kwashiorkor: - Correct Answers: disease caused by protein deficiency L - Correct Answers: labile mood: - Correct Answers: sudden mood changes (e.g., crying occurs, followed immediately by giggling or laughing) labor-delivery-recovery-postpartum room: - Correct Answers: a specifically designed room that serves as the location not only for labor and birth but also for the postpartum recovery period lactase: - Correct Answers: the enzyme that converts lactose to glucose and galactose lactiferous sinuses: - Correct Answers: reservoirs for milk located behind the breast nipple lanugo: - Correct Answers: fine, downy hair that covers a newborn's shoulders, back, and upper arms laparoscopy: - Correct Answers: examination of the abdominal cavity and organs by insertion of a surgical instrument through the anterior abdominal wall large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant: - Correct Answers: an infant who falls above the 90th percentile in weight latent tetany: - Correct Answers: neuromuscular irritability associated with hypocalcemia learned helplessness: - Correct Answers: psychological infantilism; phase of intimate partner maltreatment in which the partner is forced to use coping mechanisms such as becoming very obedient and cooperative in a desperate effort to reduce the violence Leboyer method: - Correct Answers: a birth method encouraging a quiet, darkened room and maternal-infant bonding Leopold's maneuvers: - Correct Answers: a method of observation and palpation to determine fetal presentation and position lesbian: - Correct Answers: socially preferred term for women who have sex with women let-down reflex: - Correct Answers: collecting sinuses of the mammary glands contract, forcing milk forward through the nipples, thus making it available for the baby letting-go phase: - Correct Answers: the third phase of the postpartal period in which the woman redefines her new role leukemia: - Correct Answers: distorted and uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells (leukocytes) leukocytes: - Correct Answers: white blood cells leukorrhea: - Correct Answers: a whitish, viscous vaginal discharge or an increase in the amount of normal vaginal secretions lie: - Correct Answers: the relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the mother light refraction: - Correct Answers: manner that light is bent as it passes through the lens of the eye lightening: - Correct Answers: descent of the fetus into the pelvis at about 2 weeks prior to birth; also called engagement linea nigra: - Correct Answers: narrow brown line that runs from the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis and separates the abdomen into right and left halves lithotomy position: - Correct Answers: a position with a woman on her back with her thighs flexed and her feet resting in the examining table stirrups liver transplantation: - Correct Answers: surgical replacement of a malfunctioning liver by a donor liver lochia: - Correct Answers: uterine flow, consisting of blood, fragments of decidua, white blood cells, mucus, and some bacteria following childbirth lordosis: - Correct Answers: forward curve of the spine low segment incision: - Correct Answers: an incision made horizontally across the abdomen just over the symphysis pubis and also horizontally across the uterus just over the cervix low-birth-weight infant: - Correct Answers: an infant weighing under 2500 g lymphokine: - Correct Answers: a substance that contains or prevents migration of antigens lymphoma: - Correct Answers: malignancy of the lymph or reticuloendothelial system lysis: - Correct Answers: killing lysozyme: - Correct Answers: enzyme found in breast milk that apparently actively destroys bacteria by lysing (dissolving) their cell membranes, possibly increasing the effectiveness of antibodies M - Correct Answers: macrophages: - Correct Answers: mature white blood cells macrosomia: - Correct Answers: birth weight above the 90th percentile on an intrauterine growth chart for that gestational age magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): - Correct Answers: combination of a magnetic field, radio frequency, and computer technology to produce diagnostic images malleoli: - Correct Answers: rounded prominence on either side of the ankles malocclusion: - Correct Answers: deviation from normal teeth positioning maltreatment: - Correct Answers: willful injury by one person by another; formerly termed ―abuse‖ mandatory reporters: - Correct Answers: persons who are required to report suspected child maltreatment when they identify it manifest tetany: - Correct Answers: muscular twitching and carpopedal spasms from hypocalcemia mastitis: - Correct Answers: infection of the breast maternal and child health nursing: - Correct Answers: the full scope of nursing that deals with families during childbearing and childrearing periods maturation: - Correct Answers: reaching adulthood McBurney's point: - Correct Answers: one third of the way between the anterior superior iliac crest and the umbilicus; location of the appendix McDonald's rule: - Correct Answers: the fundus-to-symphysis distance in centimeters is equal to the week of gestation between weeks 20 and 31 of pregnancy Meckel's diverticulum: - Correct Answers: the remains of a small pouch of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct off the ileum, approximately 18 inches from the ileum-colon junction meconium: - Correct Answers: a sticky, tarlike, blackish-green, odorless material formed from mucus, vernix, lanugo, hormones, and carbohydrates that accumulates during intrauterine life in the intestine meconium plug: - Correct Answers: extremely hard portion of meconium that completely obstructs the intestinal lumen, causing bowel obstruction megakaryocytes: - Correct Answers: immature thrombocytes megaloblastic anemia: - Correct Answers: enlarged red blood cells meiosis: - Correct Answers: type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes in the cell is reduced to the haploid (half) number for reproduction (23 rather than 46 chromosomes) melasma: - Correct Answers: excessive body pigment on the face that occurs during pregnancy menarche: - Correct Answers: the first menstrual period menopause: - Correct Answers: the cessation of ovarian function menorrhagia: - Correct Answers: an abnormally heavy menstrual flow metabolism: - Correct Answers: conversion of a drug into an active form (biotransformation) or an inactive form (inactivation) metaphysis: - Correct Answers: thin area between the diaphysis and epiphysis in long bones metastasis: - Correct Answers: tumors that have extended beyond the original site or have spread systemically metrorrhagia: - Correct Answers: bleeding between menstrual periods milia: - Correct Answers: pinpoint white papule (a plugged or unopened sebaceous gland) that can be found on the cheek or across the bridge of the nose of newborns minority: - Correct Answers: group within a population that is fewer in number or hold less power and wealth miscarriage: - Correct Answers: a fetus born before the age of viability mittelschmerz: - Correct Answers: abdominal pain during ovulation from the release of accompanying prostaglandins mode of transmission: - Correct Answers: whether an infection is spread by direct or indirect contact molding: - Correct Answers: change in shape of the fetal skull due to uterine contractions pressing the vertex against the not-yet-dilated cervix molestation: - Correct Answers: vague term that includes ―indecent liberties,‖ such as oral-genital contact, genital fondling and viewing, and masturbation Mongolian spot: - Correct Answers: collection of pigment cells (melanocytes); slate-gray patches across the sacrum or buttocks and possibly the arms and legs of newborns Montgomery's tubercles: - Correct Answers: sebaceous glands of the areola of the breast mores: - Correct Answers: customs generally accepted as right to follow by a community or society mortality rate: the number of deaths per 1000 persons mosaicism: - Correct Answers: condition that results when the nondisjunction disorder occurs after fertilization of the ovum as the structure begins mitotic division motor tics: - Correct Answers: eye blinking, neck jerking, and facial grimacing multigravida: - Correct Answers: woman who has been pregnant more than once multipara: - Correct Answers: a woman who has given birth to more than one child past the age of viability Munchausen syndrome by proxy: - Correct Answers: parent who repeatedly brings a child to a health care facility, reporting symptoms of illness when in fact the child is well myopathy: - Correct Answers: disease of the muscular system myopia: - Correct Answers: nearsightedness N - Correct Answers: natal teeth: - Correct Answers: teeth present at birth natural family planning: - Correct Answers: contraception involving no medical devices or chemicals near drowning: - Correct Answers: a state in which a person has survived drowning neck righting reflex: - Correct Answers: turning of shoulders, trunk, and pelvis in the same direction when the infant turns the head to the side necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC): - Correct Answers: development of necrotic patches in the bowel, interfering with digestion and possibly leading to a paralytic ileus; seen in infants in intensive care nurseries neonatal period: - Correct Answers: the interval from birth to 28 days of age neonatal teeth: - Correct Answers: teeth erupting in the first 4 weeks of life neonate: - Correct Answers: a baby in the neonatal period, the first 28 days of life neoplasm: - Correct Answers: new growth, usually referring to new abnormal growth that does not respond to normal growth control mechanisms nephrosis: - Correct Answers: altered glomeruli permeability due to fusion of the glomeruli membrane surfaces causing abnormal loss of protein in urine neuroblastomas: - Correct Answers: tumors that arise from the cells of the sympathetic nervous system nevus flammeus: - Correct Answers: a macular purple or dark red lesion (sometimes called a port-wine stain because of its deep color) that is present at birth nociceptors: - Correct Answers: specialized group of sensory receptors for pain nocturnal emissions: - Correct Answers: ejaculation during sleep nondisjunction: - Correct Answers: uneven cell division that leads to abnormal chromosome divisions non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep: - Correct Answers: first stage of sleep; type of sleep that occurs in up to 80% of total sleep time nonstress test: - Correct Answers: assessment of fetal well-being determined from examination of the fetal heart rate in relationship to fetal activity nontherapeutic communication: - Correct Answers: communication that lacks deliberate purpose (e.g., socializing) norms: - Correct Answers: customs generally accepted as right to follow by a community or society nulligravida: - Correct Answers: woman who is not or never has been pregnant nursing research: - Correct Answers: controlled investigation of problems that have implications for nursing practice nutritional marasmus: - Correct Answers: disease caused by deficiency of all food groups; basically a form of starvation nystagmus: - Correct Answers: rapid, irregular eye movement O - Correct Answers: obese: - Correct Answers: a body mass index over 30.0 or, in a child, a weight over the 90th percentile on a weight chart object permanence: - Correct Answers: awareness that an object exists even when it is out of sight Oedipus complex: - Correct Answers: strong emotional attachment of a preschool boy to his mother (Freud) oligohydramnios: - Correct Answers: a decreased amount of amniotic fluid omphalocele: - Correct Answers: protrusion of abdominal contents through the abdominal wall at the point of the junction of the umbilical cord and abdomen oncogenic viruses: - Correct Answers: viruses associated with causing cancer due to their ability to change the structure of DNA or RNA oocyte: - Correct Answers: an immature ovum operculum: - Correct Answers: the mucous plug formed in the cervical canal during pregnancy ophthalmia neonatorum: - Correct Answers: eye infection at birth or during the first month, most commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis orchiectomy: - Correct Answers: removal of the testis orchiopexy: - Correct Answers: surgery to repair undescended testes organic heart murmur: - Correct Answers: murmur occurring as the result of heart disease or a congenital defect organogenesis: - Correct Answers: organ formation orthopnea: - Correct Answers: position with the head and chest elevated to ease breathing orthoptics: - Correct Answers: eye exercises osteogenic sarcoma: - Correct Answers: malignant tumor of long bone involving rapidly growing bone tissue (mesenchymalmatrix forming cells) otorrhea: - Correct Answers: discharge from the external ear overhydration: - Correct Answers: excess body fluid, usually extracellular fluid overweight: - Correct Answers: a body mass index between 25.0 and 29.9 oxytocin: - Correct Answers: a pituitary hormone that initiates or sustains uterine contractions P - Correct Answers: pain: - Correct Answers: an unpleasant sensation caused by pres