PN 2003 FINAL EXAM LATEST UPDATE
Insulin. - ANSWER - Pancreatic hormone is necessary for the metabolism of
glucose.
Insulin independence - ANSWER - the ability of the client's own naturally
produced insulin to regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal
ranges.
Insulin resistance - ANSWER - decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
Insulin: type 1 - ANSWER no insulin is produced
Insulin: type 2 - ANSWER not enough insulin
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER low level of sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia - ANSWER is an increased level of sugar in the blood
Alzheimer's disease: early-stage - ANSWER mild impairment, short-term memory
loss, and depression
Alzheimer's disease: middle stage - ANSWER increased need for assistance with
ADLs (Activities of daily living and IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living)
Alzheimer's disease - ANSWER Late Stage
24-hour care is required, unable to communicate or look after themselves
What are the characteristics of vascular? - ANSWER Vascular Dementia is caused
by small cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is
more rapid, and the disease progresses more predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
,caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen reaching
the brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
- inactivity
- history of stroke or cardiovascular disease
What is dementia? - ANSWER Dementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment
in cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgment
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
Signs and Symptoms of dementia - ANSWER Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
What is front temporal dementia? - ANSWER Dementia is an irreversible,
progressive impairment in cognitive function, affecting
, - memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
Frontal Temporal Dementia is characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting the
frontal lobes of the brain rather neurofibrillary tangles and plaques as seen in
Alzheimer's.
- shrinking of the frontal lobes of the brain
Language Abnormalities
Insulin. - ANSWER - Pancreatic hormone is necessary for the metabolism of
glucose.
Insulin independence - ANSWER - the ability of the client's own naturally
produced insulin to regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal
ranges.
Insulin resistance - ANSWER - decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
Insulin: type 1 - ANSWER no insulin is produced
Insulin: type 2 - ANSWER not enough insulin
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER low level of sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia - ANSWER is an increased level of sugar in the blood
Alzheimer's disease: early-stage - ANSWER mild impairment, short-term memory
loss, and depression
Alzheimer's disease: middle stage - ANSWER increased need for assistance with
ADLs (Activities of daily living and IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living)
Alzheimer's disease - ANSWER Late Stage
24-hour care is required, unable to communicate or look after themselves
What are the characteristics of vascular? - ANSWER Vascular Dementia is caused
by small cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is
more rapid, and the disease progresses more predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
,caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen reaching
the brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
- inactivity
- history of stroke or cardiovascular disease
What is dementia? - ANSWER Dementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment
in cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgment
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
Signs and Symptoms of dementia - ANSWER Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
What is front temporal dementia? - ANSWER Dementia is an irreversible,
progressive impairment in cognitive function, affecting
, - memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
Frontal Temporal Dementia is characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting the
frontal lobes of the brain rather neurofibrillary tangles and plaques as seen in
Alzheimer's.
- shrinking of the frontal lobes of the brain
Language Abnormalities
