Biology Exam 3- Mendelian Genetics, Chapter 14, Campbell Biology Chapter 14 Test Bank Questions With 100 % Correct Answers | latest

1) Which of the following statements is correct in describing the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross? - Answer-B) A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters that are being studied, and a monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for only one character being studied. 10) Mendel's observation of the segregation of alleles in gamete formation has its basis in which of the following phases of cell division? - Answer-D) anaphase I of meiosis 11) Mendel's law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the following events of meiosis I? - Answer-C) alignment of pairs of homologous chromosomes along the middle of the cell 12) Use the figure and the following description to answer the question. In a particular plant, leaf color is controlled by gene locus D. Plants with at least one allele D have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. A true-breeding, dark-leaved plant is crossed with a light-leaved one, and the F1 offspring is allowed to self-pollinate. The predicted outcome of the F2 is diagrammed in the Punnett square shown in the figure, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the genotypes corresponding to each box within the square. Which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants with dark leaves? - Answer-D) 1, 2, and 3 13) Use the figure and the following description to answer the question. In a particular plant, leaf color is controlled by gene locus D. Plants with at least one allele D have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. A true-breeding, dark-leaved plant is crossed with a light-leaved one, and the F1 offspring is allowed to self-pollinate. The predicted outcome of the F2 is diagrammed in the Punnett square shown in the figure, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the genotypes corresponding to each box within the square. Which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants with a heterozygous genotype? - Answer-C) 2 and 3 14) Use the figure and the following description to answer the question.In a particular plant, leaf color is controlled by gene locus D. Plants with at least one allele D have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. A true-breeding, dark-leaved plant is crossed with a light-leaved one, and the F1 offspring is allowed to self-pollinate. The predicted outcome of the F2 is diagrammed in the Punnett square shown in the figure, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the genotypescorresponding to each box within the square. Which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants that will be true-breeding? - Answer-A) 1 and 4 only 15) Skin color in a certain species of fish is inherited by a single gene with four different alleles. How many different types of gametes would be possible in this organism? - Answer-B) 4 16) Why did all of the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties? - Answer-D) One allele was dominant. 17) Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to selfpollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6,022 yellow and 2,001 green (8,023 total). Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship of the allele for green seeds to the allele for yellow seeds? - Answer-C) The green allele is recessive to the yellow allele. 18) Albinism is a recessive trait. A man and woman both show normal pigmentation, but both have one parent who has albinism (without melanin pigmentation). What is the probability that their first child will have albinism? - Answer-C) 1/4 19) Albinism is a recessive trait. A man and woman who both have normal pigmentation have one child out of three who has albinism (without melanin pigmentation). What are the genotypes of this child's parents? - Answer-C) Both parents must be heterozygous. 2) What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants? - Answer-B) Traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the result of "blending." 20) A black guinea pig crossed with a guinea pig with albinism produced 12 black offspring. When the albino was crossed with a second black animal, six blacks and six albinos were obtained. What is the best explanation for this genetic situation? - Answer-A) Albinism is a recessive trait; black is a dominant trait. 21) Gray seed color in peas is dominant to white. Assume that Mendel conducted a series of experiments where plants with gray seeds were crossed among themselves, and the following progeny were produced: 302 gray and 98 white. What is the most probable genotype of each parent? - Answer-B) Gg × Gg22) When Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants, all the offspring were yellowseeded. When he took these F1 yellow-seeded plants and crossed them to green-seeded plants, what genotypic ratio was expected? - Answer-C) 1:1 23) Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of crosses BbTt × BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails? - AnswerC) 1/2 24) In pea plants, the tall phenotype is dominant to the dwarf phenotype. If a heterozygous pea plant is crossed with a homozygous tall pea plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be dwarf in size? - Answer-D) 0 25) What is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC in a cross of individuals who both possess this genotype: AaBbCc? - Answer-D) 1/64 26) Given the following genotypes for two parents, AABBCc × AabbCc, assume that all traits exhibit simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny of this cross will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent with the genotype AABBCc? - Answer-B) 3/4 27) Which of the following statements best describes the addition rule of probability? - Answer-B) the probability that either one of two independent events will occur 28) Which of the following calculations require the use of the addition rule of probability? - Answer-D) Calculate the probability of a child having either sickle-cell anemia or cystic fibrosis if parents are each heterozygous for both. 29) Two true-breeding stocks of pea plants are crossed. One parent has red, axial flowers, and the other has white, terminal flowers; all F1 individuals have red, axial flowers. The genes for flower color and location assort independently. Among the F2 offspring, what is the probability of producing plants with white axial flowers? - Answer-C) 3/16 3) How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE? - Answer-B) 8