WGU D236 Patho Study Guide Questions With Complete Solutions.

WGU D236 Patho Study Guide Questions With Complete Solutions. Pressure jthat jis jdue jto jalbumin jin jthe jbloodstream? j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Oncotic Oncotic j- j j j jcorrect janswer.a jform jof josmotic jpressure jexerted jby jproteins In jthe jblood, j_____ jis jthe jmost jcommon jplasma jprotein jand jis, jtherefore, ja jprimary jdeterminant jof joncotic jpressure j- j j j jcorrect in _____ jcontrols josmotic jpressure jin jvascular jsystem, jbuilds jvolume j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Albumin One jquestion jwas jabout jthe jdifference jin jchildren jand jadult jimmunity j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Possible janswer: jnaive jT jcells Learning jcheck jquestion: jWhich jdifferences jin jimmunity jmake jchildren jand jolder jadult jpatients jmore jsusceptible jto jinfections? jChoose j2 janswers Younger jpatients jhave jfewer jmemory jcells jto jcombat jinfection Older jadult jpatients jhave ja jdwindling jpopulation jof jnaive jT jcells Older jadult jpatients jhave jmore jmemory jcells jto jcombat jinfection Younger jpatients jhave ja jlarge jpopulation jof jnaive jT jcells Older jadult jpatients jhave ja jlarge jpopulation jof jnaive jT jcells j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Younger jpatients jhave jfewer jmemory jcells jto jcombat jinfection Older jadult jpatients jhave ja jdwindling jpopulation jof jnaive jT jcells Rationale: jyounger jpatients jhave jnot jbeen jexposed jto jmany jpathogens, jwhich jmeans jthat jthey jhave jfewer jmemory jcells jthan jadults. jThe jprimary jimmune jresponse jis jrelatively jweak jcompared jto ja jsecondary jresponse jmediated jby jmemory jcells. Older jadult jpatients jdo jnot jhave jas jmany jT jcells jcompared jto jyounger jpatients. jWhen jthese jpatients jencounter jnovel jpathogens, jthe jreduced jnumber jof jnaive jT jcells jgives jclonal jselection jfewer jopportunities jto j"find" jT jcells jthat jwill jbe jeffective. Fluid jand jelectrolyte jlevels jare jregulated jby j_______, jwhich jregulates jactions jsuch jas jthirst, jADH, jthe jkidneys, jand jRAAS. j- j j j jcorrect eceptors Fluid jdeficit jcauses j- j j j jcorrect janswer.-Excessive jloss -Inadequate jintake -Or jcombination jof jboth Fluid jdeficit jrisk jfactors j- j j j jcorrect janswer.-Vomiting/diarrhea -Excessive jsweating -Insufficient jwater jintake Fluid jdeficit jmanifestations j- j j j jcorrect janswer.-dry jmucous jmembranes -decreased jskin jturgor -decreased jurine joutput -low jblood jpressure -tachycardia -confusion ROME jfor jABGs j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Respiratory jOpposite jMetabolic jEqual If jpH jand jpCO2 jare jmoving jin jopposite jdirections, jthen jit jis jpCO2 jlevels jthat jare jcausing jthe jimbalance jand jit jis jrespiratory jin jnature If jthey jare jmoving jthe jsame jdirection jthen jit jis jmetabolic jin jnature Buffers, jrenal jcompensation, jand jrespiratory jcompensation jhelp jto jmaintain ja jblood jpH jof j_______ j- j j j jcorrect janswer.7.35-7.45 A jpatient jwith ja jviral jillness jand jsevere jvomiting jhas jan jelevated jCO2 jlevel jand ja jblood jpH jof j7.53. jShe jis jbreathing jslowly. jWhat jcondition jdoes jthe jpatient jhave? j Metabolic jalkalosis j Metabolic jacidosis j Respiratory jalkalosis Respiratory jacidosis j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Metabolic jalkalosis The jpatient's jpH jand jCO2 jlevel jare jboth jelevating j(moving jin jthe jsame jdirection). jThis jindicates jmetabolic jalkalosis. jThe jCO2 jlevel jis jhigh jbecause jher jrespiratory jsystem jis jattempting jto jcompensate jfor jthe jhigh jpH jby jexhaling jless jand jretaining jmore jCO2 To jprevent jchanges jin jpH, jthe jbody jemploys jbuffer jsystems. jThe jbody jutilizes j3 jbuffer jsystems: j- j j j jcorrect ins, jphosphates, jand jthe jcarbonic jacid-bicarbonate jsystem Carbonic jacid-bicarbonate jsystem jfirst jline jof jdefense jis j_____, jsecond jline jof jdefense jis j_____ j- j j j jcorrect rations; jkidneys Carbonic jacid-bicarbonate jsystem jequation j- j j j jcorrect janswer.The jequation jmoves jin jboth jdirections CABS jEquation: When jCO2 jlevels jare jelevated, jthe jequation jmoves j________, jforming jmore jH+ jand jHCO3- jions j- j j j jcorrect d jthe jright CABS jEquation: When jH+ jions jare jelevated, jthe jequation jmoves j_____, jas jH+ jions jare jconverted jto jCO2 jand jthe jCO2 jis jexhaled. j- j j j jcorrect d jthe jleft CO2 jlevels j- j j j jcorrect janswer.35-45 HCO3 jlevels j- j j j jcorrect janswer.22-26 Michael's jpulmonary jedema jleads jto jrespiratory jacidosis. jHow jdoes jpH jimpact jMichael's jbasal jmetabolic jpanel? jChoose j3 janswers. j His jCO2 jlevel jis jincreased jbecause jhis jlungs jhave jdifficulty jremoving jit jfrom jthe jbloodstream. j His jK+ jis jelevated jbecause, jas jH+ jmoves jinside jof jcells jin jan jattempt jto jget jit jout jof jthe jbloodstream, jK+ jmoves jfrom jcells jinto jthe jbloodstream. j His jsodium jlevel jis jdecreased jdue jto jhypervolemia. j His jcalcium jlevel jis jreduced jbecause jthe jelevated jconcentration jof jH+ jmakes jit jeasier jfor jCa+ jto jbind jto jalbumin. j His jCO2 jlevel jis jdecreased jbecause jhis jlungs jhave jdifficulty jadding jit jinto jthe jbloodstream j- j j j jcorrect janswer.His jCO2 jlevel jis jincreased jbecause jhis jlungs jhave jdifficulty jremoving jit jfrom jthe jbloodstream. j His jK+ jis jelevated jbecause, jas jH+ jmoves jinside jof jcells jin jan jattempt jto jget jit jout jof jthe jbloodstream, jK+ jmoves jfrom jcells jinto jthe jbloodstream. j His jsodium jlevel jis jdecreased jdue jto jhypervolemia. There jis ja jquestion jabout jhypoventilation jor jhyperventilation j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Metabolic jacidosis jpH j7.35 j= jrespirations jincrease jin jdepth jand jrate jto jblow joff jCO2 Metabolic jalkalosis jpH j7.45 j= jrespirations jslow jdown jto jincrease jCO2 jretention Respiratory jacidosis j= jexcess jCO2 jhas jaccumulated jwhich jis jgenerating jH+ Respiratory jalkalosis j= jlungs jblow joff jtoo jmuch jCO2, jcreating jless jH+ jin jblood What jis jexcreted jin jresponse jto jfluid jvolume joverload? j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Natriuretic jpeptides Natriuretic jpeptides j- j j j jcorrect nal jsignals jreleased jby jthe jbrain jand jheart jin jresponse jto jexcess jfluid jin jthe jbody Natriuretic jpeptides jsignals j_____ jurine joutput jand j____ jfluid jvolume j- j j j jcorrect ase; jreduce A jhormonal jpanel jwas jdone jon ja jpatient jwith jcongestive jheart jfailure jand jfluid jvolume joverload. jWhich jelevated jhormone jon jthe jpatient's jchart jis jindicative jof jthe jbody's jattempt jto jreduce jthe jfluid joverload? j- j j j jcorrect janswer.BNP j- jit's jreleased jwhen jfluid jvolume jexcess jis jpresent Compare jand jcontrast jhemodialysis jand jperitoneal jdialysis j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Hemodialysis: j -machine jpumps jblood jfrom jthe jbody jand jfilters jwaste -3x ja jweek jfor jhours jin ja jclinic -acute jkidney jfailure Peritoneal: j -no jmachine, jinjection jinto jabdominal jcavity jand jwaste jproducts jdiffuse jinto jcavity jthen jdrained -continuous jfiltration jand jless jdisruption jbut jrequires jsome jtraining -not jfor joverweight jor jsevere jkidney jfailure jpatients Hemodialysis jtakes jblood jout jof jthe jbody jvia ja j_____, jand jputs jblood jback jinto jbody jthrough ja j_____ j- j j j jcorrect janswer.PIV; jcentral jline *NOTE* jthere jare jseveral jquestions jabout jsigns jand jsymptoms jof jdifferent jelectrolyte jimbalances j- j j j jcorrect janswer. Sodium jlevels j- j j j jcorrect janswer.135-145 Hyponatremia jcauses j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Vomiting Diuretics Excessive jadministration jof jdextrose jand jwater jIVs Burns, jwound jdrainage Excessive jwater jintake SIADH Hyponatremia jmanifestations j- j j j jcorrect jskin jturgor, jdry jmucosa, jheadache, jdecreased jsalivation, jdecreased jblood jpressure, jnausea, jabdominal jcramping, jneurologic jchanges, jlethargy, jconfusion, jseizures Hypernatremia jcauses j- j j j jcorrect s jwater jloss, jexcess jsodium jadministration, jdiabetes jinsipidus, jheat jstroke, jhypertonic jIV jsolutions Hypernatremia jmanifestations j- j j j jcorrect t; jelevated jtemperature; jdry, jswollen jtongue; jsticky jmucosa; jneurologic jsymptoms; jrestlessness; jweakness Potassium jlevels j- j j j jcorrect janswer.3.5-5 Potassium jis jessential jfor jwhat? j- j j j jcorrect mission jand jconduction jof jnerve jimpulses, jnormal jcardiac jrhythms, jand jskeletal jand jsmooth jmuscle jcontraction j(heart) Hypokalemia jcauses j- j j j jcorrect janswer.B.A.D. jL.O.A.D. B-arters/Conns jsyndrome(hyperaldosteronism) A-lkalosis D-iuretics L-axative jabuse O-ther jcauses: jinsulin joverdose A-cute jglucose jload D-iarrhea Hypokalemia jmanifestations j- j j j jcorrect ue, janorexia, jnausea, jvomiting, jdysrhythmias, jmuscle jweakness, jcramps, jparesthesias, jglucose, jintolerance, jdecreased jmuscle jstrength, jdeep jtendon jreflexes j(DTRs), jdecreased jcardiac joutput Hyperkalemia jcauses j- j j j jcorrect janswer.MACHINE Medications- jace jinhibitors jand jNSAIDS Acidosis- jmetabolic jand jrespiratory j Cellular jdestruction- jburns, jtraumatic jinjury j Hypoaldosteronism/hemolysis Intake- jexcessive Nephrons, jrenal jfailure j Excretion Hyperkalemia jmanifestations j- j j j jcorrect janswer.Muscle jweakness, jparesthesia, jparalysis, jcardiac jrhythm jirregularities j(leading jto jpossible jventricular jfibrillation jand jcardiac jarrest) How jcan jhyperkalemia jlead jto jcardiac jarrest? j- j j j jcorrect janswer.A jmajor jfunction jof jpotassium jis jto jconduct jnerve jimpulses jin jmuscles. jToo jlow jand jmuscle jweakness joccurs jand jtoo jmuch jcan jcause jmuscle jspasms. j This jis jespecially jdangerous jin jthe jheart jmuscle jand jan jirregular jheartbeat jcan jcause ja jheart jattack