FINAL EXAM - NR507 / NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Newest Questions and Verified Answers- Chamberlain
1. Symptoms of Lower UTI (3)
Ans>> burning on urination
dysuria
suprapubic pain
2. Symptoms of Upper UTI (6)
Ans>> pyleonephritis fever
flank pain
CVA tenderness N/V
Malaise
3. Is acute renal failure reversible?
Ans>> yes
1/4
,4. How do you determine the prognosis of acute renal failure?
Ans>> If we give a diuretic and we get output, this means we have functioning kidneys
5. Examples of Pre-renal failure with diagnostic examples(2)
Ans>> Dehydration (dia- betics) and inability to perfuse (heart failure)
6. Examples of intrarenal failure (4)
Ans>> Contrast dye, glomerulonephritis, ischemia, diabetes
7. Examples of post-renal failure (3)
Ans>> renal stones, tumors, swollen prostate
8. Key diagnostic test result for acute pyelonephritis
Ans>> WBC casts
9. What type of renal failure are renal calculi?
Ans>> Post renal
10. Gold standard of diagnosing renal calculi?
2/4
, Ans>> CT scan
11. Treatment goals for renal calculi (4)
Ans>> pain management, pass stone, reduce size of stone, prevent new stones
12. Who is a candidate for dialysis? (5)
Ans>> Unresolvable hyperkalemia, acidosis, uremic symptoms, fluid overload resistant to
therapy, stage 5 CKD
13. What co-morbidities are associated with CKD? (3)
Ans>> Hypertension, diabetes, lupus
14. is CKD reversible?
Ans>> No, it is progressive and irreversible
15. Stage 1 of CKD
Ans>> Kidney damage but normal GFR >90
3/4
,16. Stage 2 of CKD
Ans>> Mild decrease in GFR (60-89)
17. Stage 3 of CKD
Ans>> Moderate decrease in GFR (30-59) Still a chance for
improvement of kidney function
18. Stage 4 of CKD
Ans>> Severe decrease in GFR 15-29
19. Stage 5 of CKD
Ans>> Kidney failure GFR <15 or
dialysis
20. Warning signs of GERD (5)
Ans>> heartburn while eating & worse when laying down, dysphagia, sensation of lump in
your throat, abdominal/chest pain, regurgitation
21. GERD symptoms over the age of 50 (6)
Ans>> dysphagia, odynophagia, N/V, weight loss, melena, early satiety
4/4
,22. Symptoms of hiatal hernia
Ans>> Typically asymptomatic
5/4
,23. Treatment of sliding hiatal hernia (4)
Ans>> Small, frequent meals, avoid lying flat
after eating, avoid tight clothes, weight control
24. Key symptom of duodenal ulcers
Ans>> chronic, intermittent pain in the epigastric region
25. When do patients with duodenal ulcers typically have the most pain (2
Ans>> -
30min-2hrs after eating or in the middle of the night (d/t stomach being empty)
26. Where do we typically see peptic ulcer disease? (3)
Ans>> lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum
27. What is the first line medication for treatment of major depression
Ans>> SSRI's
6/4
,28. What factors affect antidepressant prescription? (5)
Ans>> symptoms, age, side effects, safety and cost
29. What is social anxiety disorder?
Ans>> Fear and avoidance of social situations
30. Positive schizophrenia symptoms (3)
Ans>> hallucinations, thought disorder and bizarre behaviors
31. Negative schizophrenia symptoms (5)
Ans>> flattened affect, alogia, anhedonia, attention deficit and apathy
32. Cognitive schizophrenia symptoms
Ans>> inability to perform daily tasks that re- quire attention and planning
33. What would imaging show for patients with schizophrenia (2)
Ans>> Enlarged lateral & third ventricle and widened frontocortical fissures and sulci
34. What people are more at risk for developing hypothyroidism? (2)
Ans>> Women and elderly
35. Treatment for hypothyroidism
Ans>> Levothyroxine
36. Where is TSH released from?
Ans>> anterior pituitary
37. Where are T3 and T4 released from?
7/4
, Ans>> thyroid gland
38. Hypothalamic-pituitary axis
Ans>> mediates the effects of stressors by regulating numerous physiological processes,
such as metabolism, immune responses, and the autonomic nervous system
39. What is another name for hyperthyroidism?
Ans>> Graves disease
40. What are the 2 categories of ophthalmopathy in Graves disease
Ans>> Functional abnormaities and infiltrative changes
41. What is a functional abnormalities of ophthalmopathy in graves disease? (with
example)
Ans>> Hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the ANS (lag of eye on upward gaze or
lag of upper lid on downward gaze)
42. What is an infiltrative change of ophthalmopathy in graves disease (with
example)
Ans>> Enlargement of the ocular muscles (exophthalmos)
43. Distinguishing factors of graves diesease
Ans>> pretibial myxedema and exoph- thalmos
8/4
Newest Questions and Verified Answers- Chamberlain
1. Symptoms of Lower UTI (3)
Ans>> burning on urination
dysuria
suprapubic pain
2. Symptoms of Upper UTI (6)
Ans>> pyleonephritis fever
flank pain
CVA tenderness N/V
Malaise
3. Is acute renal failure reversible?
Ans>> yes
1/4
,4. How do you determine the prognosis of acute renal failure?
Ans>> If we give a diuretic and we get output, this means we have functioning kidneys
5. Examples of Pre-renal failure with diagnostic examples(2)
Ans>> Dehydration (dia- betics) and inability to perfuse (heart failure)
6. Examples of intrarenal failure (4)
Ans>> Contrast dye, glomerulonephritis, ischemia, diabetes
7. Examples of post-renal failure (3)
Ans>> renal stones, tumors, swollen prostate
8. Key diagnostic test result for acute pyelonephritis
Ans>> WBC casts
9. What type of renal failure are renal calculi?
Ans>> Post renal
10. Gold standard of diagnosing renal calculi?
2/4
, Ans>> CT scan
11. Treatment goals for renal calculi (4)
Ans>> pain management, pass stone, reduce size of stone, prevent new stones
12. Who is a candidate for dialysis? (5)
Ans>> Unresolvable hyperkalemia, acidosis, uremic symptoms, fluid overload resistant to
therapy, stage 5 CKD
13. What co-morbidities are associated with CKD? (3)
Ans>> Hypertension, diabetes, lupus
14. is CKD reversible?
Ans>> No, it is progressive and irreversible
15. Stage 1 of CKD
Ans>> Kidney damage but normal GFR >90
3/4
,16. Stage 2 of CKD
Ans>> Mild decrease in GFR (60-89)
17. Stage 3 of CKD
Ans>> Moderate decrease in GFR (30-59) Still a chance for
improvement of kidney function
18. Stage 4 of CKD
Ans>> Severe decrease in GFR 15-29
19. Stage 5 of CKD
Ans>> Kidney failure GFR <15 or
dialysis
20. Warning signs of GERD (5)
Ans>> heartburn while eating & worse when laying down, dysphagia, sensation of lump in
your throat, abdominal/chest pain, regurgitation
21. GERD symptoms over the age of 50 (6)
Ans>> dysphagia, odynophagia, N/V, weight loss, melena, early satiety
4/4
,22. Symptoms of hiatal hernia
Ans>> Typically asymptomatic
5/4
,23. Treatment of sliding hiatal hernia (4)
Ans>> Small, frequent meals, avoid lying flat
after eating, avoid tight clothes, weight control
24. Key symptom of duodenal ulcers
Ans>> chronic, intermittent pain in the epigastric region
25. When do patients with duodenal ulcers typically have the most pain (2
Ans>> -
30min-2hrs after eating or in the middle of the night (d/t stomach being empty)
26. Where do we typically see peptic ulcer disease? (3)
Ans>> lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum
27. What is the first line medication for treatment of major depression
Ans>> SSRI's
6/4
,28. What factors affect antidepressant prescription? (5)
Ans>> symptoms, age, side effects, safety and cost
29. What is social anxiety disorder?
Ans>> Fear and avoidance of social situations
30. Positive schizophrenia symptoms (3)
Ans>> hallucinations, thought disorder and bizarre behaviors
31. Negative schizophrenia symptoms (5)
Ans>> flattened affect, alogia, anhedonia, attention deficit and apathy
32. Cognitive schizophrenia symptoms
Ans>> inability to perform daily tasks that re- quire attention and planning
33. What would imaging show for patients with schizophrenia (2)
Ans>> Enlarged lateral & third ventricle and widened frontocortical fissures and sulci
34. What people are more at risk for developing hypothyroidism? (2)
Ans>> Women and elderly
35. Treatment for hypothyroidism
Ans>> Levothyroxine
36. Where is TSH released from?
Ans>> anterior pituitary
37. Where are T3 and T4 released from?
7/4
, Ans>> thyroid gland
38. Hypothalamic-pituitary axis
Ans>> mediates the effects of stressors by regulating numerous physiological processes,
such as metabolism, immune responses, and the autonomic nervous system
39. What is another name for hyperthyroidism?
Ans>> Graves disease
40. What are the 2 categories of ophthalmopathy in Graves disease
Ans>> Functional abnormaities and infiltrative changes
41. What is a functional abnormalities of ophthalmopathy in graves disease? (with
example)
Ans>> Hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the ANS (lag of eye on upward gaze or
lag of upper lid on downward gaze)
42. What is an infiltrative change of ophthalmopathy in graves disease (with
example)
Ans>> Enlargement of the ocular muscles (exophthalmos)
43. Distinguishing factors of graves diesease
Ans>> pretibial myxedema and exoph- thalmos
8/4
