Rachael Wardle Unit 5
P4- explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in
the body
M1- explain how two body systems interrelate to provide for the body’s energy needs
D1 analyse how systems of the body use energy
Energy metabolism is a process of creating energy through the digestion and absorption of
nutrients. In order for this to take place certain things need to be taken into consideration.
These are the role of energy in the body, anabolism and catabolism, the significance of ATP,
cellular respiration and its by-products, endothermy of mammals, muscle action, and protein
synthesis.
The role of energy in the body is to act as a fuel. Without energy the body wouldn’t be able
to work correctly. Energy allows the body to repair, build, and maintain cells and body
tissues. It also helps people to do everyday activities such as eating.
Anabolism is the building of compounds which allows the body to grow new cells as well as
maintain all current tissues.
Catabolism breaks larger compounds down into smaller compounds and releases energy in
the process. This process provides energy which our bodies need for physical activity.
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. ATP is the primary current for energy in the body. In
order for energy to be released into the body’s tissues ATP has to break down.
Cellular respiration is the process of extracting energy from the glucose in the food which the
body digests. Both oxygen and glucose are reactants in cellular respiration. This process
relies on ATP in order to function correctly. Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products
from this type of respiration.
Endothermy of mammals is a process where the core body temperature of mammals are
kept at a constant using thermal homeostasis. Thermal homeostasis is a process where the
body seeks to maintain a constant internal temperature, even when faced with external
temperature changes. Energy is required for this process
Muscle action is the movement of a muscle relative to a joint or body part moving. There are
three different types of muscle action: concentric, eccentric, and isometric. Energy is
required for this to occur. Concentric is where the muscle attachments more towards one
another. Eccentric is where the muscle attachments move away from each other and
lengthen the muscle. Isometric is where the muscle length stays as a constant due to the
muscle attachments not moving relative to one.
Protein synthesis is a process where the biological cells in the body create new proteins.
This process takes place in the cells nucleus.
The cardiovascular system is a system which circulates blood around the body and
transports nutrients. It is made up of the heart and the blood vessels. This system is
responsible for transporting oxygen, hormones, nutrients and cellular waste products.
The cardiac cycle is a cycle of events that occur each time the heart beats. This cycle has
two phases: diastole and systole. The period of relaxation in the heat is diastole and this is
where the heart fills with blood. The period of contraction is called systole this is where the
blood is pumped out of the heart and into the arteries.
Heart rate is a measurement of the number of contractions of the heart every minute. The
rate of the heart can change depending on the body's physical needs or the need to absorb
oxygen and exude carbon dioxide. The average heart beat is 72 beats per minute.
The heart’s natural pacemaker is a system of electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node
P4- explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in
the body
M1- explain how two body systems interrelate to provide for the body’s energy needs
D1 analyse how systems of the body use energy
Energy metabolism is a process of creating energy through the digestion and absorption of
nutrients. In order for this to take place certain things need to be taken into consideration.
These are the role of energy in the body, anabolism and catabolism, the significance of ATP,
cellular respiration and its by-products, endothermy of mammals, muscle action, and protein
synthesis.
The role of energy in the body is to act as a fuel. Without energy the body wouldn’t be able
to work correctly. Energy allows the body to repair, build, and maintain cells and body
tissues. It also helps people to do everyday activities such as eating.
Anabolism is the building of compounds which allows the body to grow new cells as well as
maintain all current tissues.
Catabolism breaks larger compounds down into smaller compounds and releases energy in
the process. This process provides energy which our bodies need for physical activity.
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. ATP is the primary current for energy in the body. In
order for energy to be released into the body’s tissues ATP has to break down.
Cellular respiration is the process of extracting energy from the glucose in the food which the
body digests. Both oxygen and glucose are reactants in cellular respiration. This process
relies on ATP in order to function correctly. Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products
from this type of respiration.
Endothermy of mammals is a process where the core body temperature of mammals are
kept at a constant using thermal homeostasis. Thermal homeostasis is a process where the
body seeks to maintain a constant internal temperature, even when faced with external
temperature changes. Energy is required for this process
Muscle action is the movement of a muscle relative to a joint or body part moving. There are
three different types of muscle action: concentric, eccentric, and isometric. Energy is
required for this to occur. Concentric is where the muscle attachments more towards one
another. Eccentric is where the muscle attachments move away from each other and
lengthen the muscle. Isometric is where the muscle length stays as a constant due to the
muscle attachments not moving relative to one.
Protein synthesis is a process where the biological cells in the body create new proteins.
This process takes place in the cells nucleus.
The cardiovascular system is a system which circulates blood around the body and
transports nutrients. It is made up of the heart and the blood vessels. This system is
responsible for transporting oxygen, hormones, nutrients and cellular waste products.
The cardiac cycle is a cycle of events that occur each time the heart beats. This cycle has
two phases: diastole and systole. The period of relaxation in the heat is diastole and this is
where the heart fills with blood. The period of contraction is called systole this is where the
blood is pumped out of the heart and into the arteries.
Heart rate is a measurement of the number of contractions of the heart every minute. The
rate of the heart can change depending on the body's physical needs or the need to absorb
oxygen and exude carbon dioxide. The average heart beat is 72 beats per minute.
The heart’s natural pacemaker is a system of electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node
