Adult 3 (NUR 325) Exam 2 Cardiac Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

2nd degree AV block type 1 ekg finding - PR interval gradually lengthened until there is a dropped QRS 3rd degree AV block - SA and AV node are not communicating. Causes hypotension. This is a complete heart block SA and AV node are firing independently of each other - no association between atria and ventricle - R waves regular because AV node firing regularly - P waves regular because SA node is firing regularly 3rd degree AV block EKG finding - QRS complex will be wide and there will be a variable PR interval A flutter - when the atria are fluttering and not contracting fully; 2+ flutter waves between qrs waves Afib - if there are a bunch of random squiggles instead of a P wave that is indicative of afib. The concern with all of the random impulses is that the atria are spasming and not contracting. There is no active diastole Angina treatment - MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitro, aspirin) Arterial line - Sits in the artery and gives a continuous blood pressure reading that is supposed to be more accurate than a blood pressure cuff Asystole treatment - start chest compressions and give epinephrine (WE DO NOT SHOCK ASYTOLE) Bigeminy - Every 2 beats is a PVC- every other beat is a pvcBundle branch block - delay in squeezing of the ventricles Bundle branch block EKG showing - wide QRS complex CAD modifiable risk factors - diet, smoking, exercise, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes Causes of heart failure - hypertension, CAD, meds, MI, (smoking and diabetes can eventually lead to it too) Central venous catheter - normally inserted into the Internal Jugular , subclavian, or femoral access is a tube that doctors place in a large vein in the neck, chest, groin, or arm to give fluids, blood, or medications or to do medical tests quickly Compensatory mechanisms of heart failure - kidneys get decreased perfusion activating the RAS system, SNS will cause the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine causing vasoconstriction and increased heart rate, and the pituitary glad will release ADH (they will have an increased heart rate and retain fluid due to these compensatory mechanisms) Coronary artery bypass graft - used when the blockage is in a vessel that cannot get an angiogram or there are too many blocks; a surgeon will bypass the blockages by rerouting arteries or veins, they will be sown onto the aortic arch to bypass the blocked heart