NUR 325 Exam 2- Glucose Regulation/Diabetes Questions and Answers 100% Verified

A 36-year-old male is newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Which of the following treatments do you expect the patient to be started on initially? A. Diet and exercise regimen B. Metformin BID by mouth C. Regular insulin subcutaneous D. None, monitoring at this time is sufficient enough - A. Diet and exercise regimen A patient who has diabetes is nothing by mouth as prep for surgery. The patient states they feel like their blood sugar is low. You check the glucose and find it to be 52. The next nursing intervention would be to: A. Administer Dextrose 50% IV per protocol B. Continue to monitor the glucose C. Give the patient 4 oz of fruit juice D. None, this is a normal blood glucose reading - A. Administer Dextrose 50% IV per protocol This question requires critical thinking because the patient is NPO for surgery and can NOT eat but is experiencing hypoglycemia. Normally, you could give the patient 15 grams of a simple carbohydrate like 4 oz of fruit juice or soda, glucose tablets, gel etc. per hypoglycemia protocol However, the patient can NOT eat due to surgery prep. Therefore the nurse would need to administer Dextrose 50% IV per protocol to help increase the blood glucose and recheck the glucose level. A patient with diabetes has a morning glucose of 50. The patient is sweaty, cold, and clammy. Which of the following nursing interventions is the MOST important? A. Recheck the glucose level B. Give the patient ½ cup (4 oz) of fruit juice C. Call the doctor D. Keep the patient on nothing by mouth - B. Give the patient ½ cup (4 oz) of fruit juiceTreatment for a CONSCIOUS patient experiencing HYPOglycemia A Type 2 diabetic may have all the following signs or symptoms EXCEPT: A. Blurry vision B. Ketones present in the urine C. Glycosuria D. Poor wound healing - B. Ketones present in the urine After assessing a patient at the conclusion of their meal, you determine their glucose levels read at 160. What are your nursing interventions? - Fast acting insulin to provide immediate action (It is also important to educate patient on importance of activity and encourage patient to eat foods like whole grains, fruits, veggies, oatmeal, nuts and garlic for treating hyperglycemia) How to recognize when an individual is experiencing hyperglycemia? - polyuria (abnormally large volumes of dilute urine), polydipsia (abnormally great thirst), dehydration, fatigue, fruity odor to breath, kussmaul breathing, weight loss, hunger, poor wound healing, nausea, vomiting, cramps, warm and moist, ketones in urine *Remember to think more of the GI and urinary is more affected How to recognize when an individual is experiencing hypoglycemia? - Reduced cognition, tremors, diaphoresis (abnormal sweating), weakness, hunger, headache, irritability, seizure, dizziness, anxious, cold, clammy, tachycardia, no respiration changes, normal hydration and no ketones in urine *Remember to think BRAIN is more affected, think how much the brain relies on glucagon as its only fuel source, low glucagon to brain means low functions) The _____ ______ secrete insulin which are located in the _______. A. Alpha cells, liverB. Alpha cells, pancreas C. Beta cells, liver D. Beta cells, pancreas - D. Beta cells, pancreas