GLG 115 MSU Damon Bassett Exam 2
Ediacaran Fauna - ANSAnimals from the late Pre Cambrian.
Dickinsonia
Kimberella
Rangeomorphs
Sponges
Cnidarians
Bilaterians
Snowball Earth - ANSThe Snowball Earth hypothesis proposes that Earth's surface became
entirely or nearly entirely frozen at least once, sometime earlier than 650 Mya (million years
ago).
Atmospheric Oxygen - ANSOxygen levels rose slowly in the Ediacaran.
Photosynthesis - ANSThe process by which green plants and some other organisms use
sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally
involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.
Tissues - ANSSoft tissue typically inside of a hard exoskeleton.
Cnidarian - ANSAny invertebrate animal, as a hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, or coral,
considered as belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, characterized by the specialized stinging
structures in the tentacles surrounding the mouth; a coelenterate.
Cambrian Explosion - ANS30 million year time span in which most major animal groups known
today appeared.
Mollusks
Arthropods
Porifera
Cnidarians
Echinoderms
Vertebrates
Adaptive Radiation - ANSThe diversification of an ancestral group of organisms into a variety of
related forms specialized to fit different environments or ways of life, each often further
diversifying into more specialized types.
Phyletic Gradualism - ANSModel of evolution which theorizes that most speciation is slow,
uniform and gradual. When evolution occurs in this mode, it is usually by the steady
transformation of a whole species into a new one (through a process called anagenesis).
, Punctuated Equilibrium - ANSTheory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species
appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little evolutionary change for most
of their geological history. This state is called stasis
Coelom - ANSThe body cavity in metazoans, located between the intestinal canal and the body
wall.
Permits flattening part of body, providing advantages for burrowing.
Protostomes - ANSA multicellular organism whose mouth develops from a primary embryonic
opening, such as an annelid, mollusk, or arthropod.
MOUTH FIRST
Deuterostomes - ANSSubtaxon of the Bilateria branch of the subkingdom Eumetazoa, within
Animalia, and are distinguished from protostomes by their deuterostomic embryonic
development; in deuterostomes, the first opening (the blastopore) becomes the anus, while in
protostomes, it becomes the mouth.
ANUS FIRST
Blastopore - ANSThe opening of the central cavity of an embryo in the early stage of
development.
Spiral Cleavage - ANSHoloblastic cleavage that is typical of protostomes and that is
characterized by arrangement of the blastomeres of each upper tier over the cell junctions of the
next lower tier so that the blastomeres spiral around the pole to pole axis of the embryo
Radial Cleavage - ANSholoblastic cleavage that is typical of deuterostomes and that is
characterized by arrangement of the blastomeres of each upper tier directly over those of the
next lower tier resulting in radial symmetry around the pole to pole axis of the embryo.
Lagerstatten - ANS"Storage Place" Fossil localities which are highly remarkable for either their
diversity or quality of preservation
Miners used it to mean "Mother Lode"
Burgess Shale - ANSYoho National Park, Canada
40 MA after start of Cambrian
Exceptional preservation of soft-bodied organisms
Wide diversity of fossil invertebrates
Archaeocyathid - ANSTaxon of extinct, sessile, reef-building marine organisms of warm tropical
and subtropical waters that lived during the early (lower) Cambrian Period
Ediacaran Fauna - ANSAnimals from the late Pre Cambrian.
Dickinsonia
Kimberella
Rangeomorphs
Sponges
Cnidarians
Bilaterians
Snowball Earth - ANSThe Snowball Earth hypothesis proposes that Earth's surface became
entirely or nearly entirely frozen at least once, sometime earlier than 650 Mya (million years
ago).
Atmospheric Oxygen - ANSOxygen levels rose slowly in the Ediacaran.
Photosynthesis - ANSThe process by which green plants and some other organisms use
sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally
involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.
Tissues - ANSSoft tissue typically inside of a hard exoskeleton.
Cnidarian - ANSAny invertebrate animal, as a hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, or coral,
considered as belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, characterized by the specialized stinging
structures in the tentacles surrounding the mouth; a coelenterate.
Cambrian Explosion - ANS30 million year time span in which most major animal groups known
today appeared.
Mollusks
Arthropods
Porifera
Cnidarians
Echinoderms
Vertebrates
Adaptive Radiation - ANSThe diversification of an ancestral group of organisms into a variety of
related forms specialized to fit different environments or ways of life, each often further
diversifying into more specialized types.
Phyletic Gradualism - ANSModel of evolution which theorizes that most speciation is slow,
uniform and gradual. When evolution occurs in this mode, it is usually by the steady
transformation of a whole species into a new one (through a process called anagenesis).
, Punctuated Equilibrium - ANSTheory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species
appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little evolutionary change for most
of their geological history. This state is called stasis
Coelom - ANSThe body cavity in metazoans, located between the intestinal canal and the body
wall.
Permits flattening part of body, providing advantages for burrowing.
Protostomes - ANSA multicellular organism whose mouth develops from a primary embryonic
opening, such as an annelid, mollusk, or arthropod.
MOUTH FIRST
Deuterostomes - ANSSubtaxon of the Bilateria branch of the subkingdom Eumetazoa, within
Animalia, and are distinguished from protostomes by their deuterostomic embryonic
development; in deuterostomes, the first opening (the blastopore) becomes the anus, while in
protostomes, it becomes the mouth.
ANUS FIRST
Blastopore - ANSThe opening of the central cavity of an embryo in the early stage of
development.
Spiral Cleavage - ANSHoloblastic cleavage that is typical of protostomes and that is
characterized by arrangement of the blastomeres of each upper tier over the cell junctions of the
next lower tier so that the blastomeres spiral around the pole to pole axis of the embryo
Radial Cleavage - ANSholoblastic cleavage that is typical of deuterostomes and that is
characterized by arrangement of the blastomeres of each upper tier directly over those of the
next lower tier resulting in radial symmetry around the pole to pole axis of the embryo.
Lagerstatten - ANS"Storage Place" Fossil localities which are highly remarkable for either their
diversity or quality of preservation
Miners used it to mean "Mother Lode"
Burgess Shale - ANSYoho National Park, Canada
40 MA after start of Cambrian
Exceptional preservation of soft-bodied organisms
Wide diversity of fossil invertebrates
Archaeocyathid - ANSTaxon of extinct, sessile, reef-building marine organisms of warm tropical
and subtropical waters that lived during the early (lower) Cambrian Period
