Iowa 3OT Pesticide Manual Exam Questions and Answers Graded A 2024

EPA reported this much was spent on pesticide use for industrial/commercial/government sector and this much was spend for home and garden sector in 2012 - 1.4 billion; 3.3 billion Define integrated pest management - System that uses all available and suitable pest control tactics to reduce pest populations to tolerable levels while minimizing adverse environmental side effects. Explain how aesthetic thresholds affect IPM tactics - Aesthetic thresholds are based on tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance, and specific site conditions. Nurseries and the like have zero pest tolerance whereas landscape plantings might have low tolerance. Healthy lawns have a higher threshold than stressed, weakened lawns Explain how IPM can reduce the use of pesticides - Pesticides are not meant to be a solution to all problems. IPM provides the most effective solutions in all regards, which may not always be pesticides. List the six control strategies used in IPM - Cultural Mechanical Host resistance Biological Regulatory chemical Define pesticide - Any material used to kill, attract, repel, regulate, or interrupt growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth Contact pesticides - Must physically touch the pest organism or be sprayed on the site the pest frequents to exert an action Example would be protective fungicide Must be re-applied to new plant tissues or if precipitation washes product off Systemic pesticide - Enters the plant via roots or above ground plant tissues and is moved inside of the plant. Could render plant toxic to insect or mice Could move through plant to kill parts of the plant Example would be curative fungicide because it penetrates the plant and stops disease Preemergence - Applied prior to weed seed germination. Little to no effect on weeds that have emerged Postemergence - Applied to actively growing plants. Work best in sunlight, high humidity, good soil moisture Selective pesticide - Control only certain types or stages of pests while leaving nontarget organisms unaffected. Example would be herbicide that kills broadleaf weeds and not turfgrass Nonselective pesticide - Exert their action on a wide variety of pests. Control most of the plants they are sprayed on. Identify the best application timing for effective pest control as it pertains to: plant diseases, insects, and weeds - Plant diseases For fungicides, it is critical that susceptible tissues be protected before an infection begins or at the first appearance of any symptoms Insects The younger the stage of insect, the more susceptible it is to chemical control. Weeds Generally most effective when applied to actively growing plants and least effective when plants are not actively growing Annual weeds are easiest to control in early spring Biennials should be treated in fall or early spring when in the rosette stage Perennial weeds can be controlled in early bloom stage or in the fall Explain how pesticide resistance develops in a pest population - Resistance is the ability of a pest species that was once effectively controlled by a pesticide to survive spray concentrations that were previously effective.