Math 225 - Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences Week 4

Math 225 - Statistical Reasoning for the Health Sciences Week 4 Binomial Experiment - 1. A probability experiment in which each trial has only two outcomes 2. There are a fixed number of trials, 3. The outcomes of the trials are independent 4. The probability of success remains the same for each trial Classical (Theoretical) Probability - Used when each outcome in a sample space is equally likely to occur P(E) = Number of outcomes in event E / Total number of outcomes in sample space Complement of an Event - Consists of all possible outcomes in a sample space that are NOT part of the event (E' = E prime) Conditional Probability - The probability of an event occurring, given that another event has already occurred. "Probability of B, given A" P(BgivenA) Dependent Event - The outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the second event Empirical (Statistical) Probability - Expressed as the frequency of an event divided by the total frequency. It is based on observations obtained from probability experiments. P(E) = Frequency of event E / Total frequency ; =f/n Event - A subset of a sample space; It may consist of one or more outcomes Experiment - An action, or trial, through which specific results (counts, measurements, or responses) are obtained. Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP) - if one event can occur "m" ways and a second event can occur "n" ways, then the number of ways that two events can occur together is m x n Independent Event - The outcome of one event does NOT affect the outcome of the second event Law of Large Numbers (LLN) - As an experiment is repeated over and over, the empirical probability of an event approaches the theoretical (actual) probability of the event. Mutually Exclusive - Events that cannot occur at the same time ; can be no overlap Odds - Probability of an occurrence of an event / probability of it not occurri