APUSH Periods 1-5 Questions and Answers with complete solution

Columbian exchange - The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. Encomienda system - A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery. Juan Ponce de Leon - Spanish Explorer who discovered and gave Florida its name while searching for the "Fountain of Youth" Roanoke - "The Lost Colony" 1586 Joint stock companies - Ancestors of the modern corporation, in which stockholders shared the risks and profits for single ventures or on a permanent basis. Some of the larger companies managed to get royal charters that entitled them to monopolies in certain areas and even governmental powers in their outposts. Juan de Sepulveda - a humanist scholar that argues that history has shown that the Spaniards are a superior civilization and they have a right to rule the natives and if they resist then they should be crushed brutally. Conquest, Colinization, and Evangilize. Bartolome de las casas - First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. middle passage - A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies First Africans brought to America - 1619 Headright system - Encouraged importation of servants- gave 50 acres of land per servant to masterBeaver wars - Wars that resulted from furious trading and hunting of Beaver pelts by the Dutch, the French, and the New Netherlands. Wool Act - 1699 All wool produced in the colonies could only be exported to Britain, protected Britain at colonies' expense Molasses Act - 1733 A British law that imposed a tax on sugar, molasses, and rum imported from non-British colonies into North American colonies.The least successful of the Navigation Acts, since it was avoided by smuggling. King Philip's War - 1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion