NCLEX: Mark Klimek - Lecture 5 (DM, DI, & Insulin) questions and answers all are correct

What is diabetes mellitus? - Answer-An error in glucose metabolism. What are the 2 types of diabetes mellitus? - Answer-Type I (Lack of insulin, develops in children) Type II (insulin resistance, develops in adults) What is diabetes insipidus? - Answer-Lack of ADH, which is a hormone that helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body = Dehydration What are symptoms you see in diabetes mellitus AND diabetes insipidus? - Answer-Polyuria and polydipsia Is there a high or low urine output in diabetes mellitus? - Answer-High urine output Is there a high or low urine output in diabetes insipidus? - Answer-High urine output What is the opposite of diabetes insipidus? - Answer-Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) What are symptoms in SIADH? - Answer-- Oliguria and no thirst - Decreased urine output - Retention of water (decreased SERUM specific gravity) - Decreased urine volume (increased URINE specific gravity) What is the nursing diagnosis for SIADH? - Answer-Fluid volume excess What is the nursing diagnosis for DM and DI? - Answer-Fluid volume deficitWhat are other names for Type 1 DM? - Answer-Insulin dependent Ketosis prone What are other names for Type 2 DM? - Answer-Non-insulin dependent Non-ketosis prone What are the main s/s of diabetes mellitus? - Answer-Polyuria (Pee a lot) Polydipsia (Thirsty) Polyphagia (Eat/swallow a lot) What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus? - Answer-"If you don't treat Type 1, they will DIE." (D)iet (calories from carbs, least important) (I)nsulin (most important) (E)xercise What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Answer-"If you don't treat Type 2, they are DOA." (D)iet (Most important) (O)ral hypoglycemic (A)ctivity What is the diet for Type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Answer-Calorie restriction 1200 kcal, 1400 kcal, 1600 kcal 6 small feedings per day (keeps blood sugar more stable) What is the best dietary action a DM2 should take?a. Restrict calories b. Divide meal into 6 feedings a day - Answer-a. Restrict calories What does insulin do? - Answer-lowers blood glucose levels