OCR 2023 Classical Civilisation H408/33: Politics of the late republic A Level Question Paper & Mark Scheme (Merged

2 OCR 2023 H408/33 Jun23 This is a trial in which you will be judging the defendant, and the Roman people will be judging you. In the case of this man, it will be established whether very guilty and very rich men are able to be condemned when Senators are acting as judges. Moreover, he is a criminal of such a sort, that there is nothing in his character except for the worst crimes and excessive riches. Thus, if he is acquitted, no other opinion of him will be held except that which is most shameful. Such numerous and terrible vices will not be seen to be lessened by influence, by family, by some things being done correctly or even by some other tolerable vice. 5 In short, I will conduct the case by acting in this way, O Judges: I will bring forward matters so well known, so well supported by witnesses, so important, and so evident that nobody will try to use his influence to obtain from you the acquittal of this man. I have a reliable path 10 and method by which I am able to investigate and follow all the attempts made by those men. The matter will be conducted by me so that not only the ears, but even the eyes of the Roman people will seem to be present at all their meetings. Section A Start your answer to each 10, 20 and 30 mark question on a new page. Source A Cicero’s speech against Verres in 70 BC, In Verrem 1.47–48 1 Who is Cicero referring to when he says ‘you’ in line 2 in Source A? [1] 2 State two of the ‘terrible vices’ (line 6) for which Verres is being prosecuted. [2] 3 Explain how convincing Cicero is in presenting the importance of this trial in Source A. [10] In 48 BC Julius Caesar proclaimed himself dictator with no fixed term of office, ignoring the political constitution of the time. 4 Name the individual who Caesar defeated in the civil war of 48 BC. [1] 5 State one official religious office which Caesar had previously held. [1] 6 Explain how Caesar’s actions after the civil war may have resulted in his assassination. [10] 7* ‘Cicero was a man of ideas, Cato was a man of action.’ Assess to what extent you agree with this opinion. You may use Source A as a starting point in your answer. [20] [Section A Total: 45] 3 OCR 2023 H408/33 Jun23 Section B Answer one question from this section.